Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress

Abstract

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. The breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars has substantially relieved the adverse effects of salt stress. Complementing these cultivars with growth-promoting microbes has the potential to stimulate and further enhance their salt tolerance. In this study, two fungal isolates, Th4 and Th6, and one bacterial isolate, C7, were isolated. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these isolates were closely related to Trichoderma yunnanense, Trichoderma afroharzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under salt stress (200 mM). The abilities of these isolates to enhance salt tolerance were investigated by seed coatings on salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Salt stress (S), cultivar (C), and microbial treatment (M) significantly affected water use efficiency. The interaction effect of M x S significantly correlated with all photosynthetic parameters investigated. Treatments with Trichoderma isolates enhanced net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed that the influences of microbial isolates on the photosynthetic parameters of the different wheat cultivars differed substantially. This study illustrated that Trichoderma isolates enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress and demonstrated the potential of using these isolates as plant biostimulants.

Effect of Colonization of Trichoderma harzianum on Growth Development and CBD Content of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

“…The inoculation of Trichoderma spp. in plants might be beneficial under salt stress conditions by promoting biomass accumulation and improving water use efficiency, as reported previously in Triticum aestivum [ 68 ]. Beyond physiological traits amplification, specific morphological alterations have also been observed in soybean treated with Trichoderma harzianum , where stomatal density was increased [ 69 ].…”

“…In the current study, T-22 strain spores were used to promote the growth of hemp plants through continuous fertigation 10 and 30 days after sowing. The increase in the Trichoderma harzianum dose to 4 × 10 12 cfu kg −1 led to a significant improvement in all examined characteristics, acting as a biostimulant [ 64 , 68 ].…”

Deciphering Trichoderma–Plant–Pathogen Interactions for Better Development of Biocontrol Applications

“…T. yunnanense and T. afroharzianum were reported to have the ability to enhance net photosynthesis, water use efficiency. and increased wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) biomass under salt stress [ 14 ]. Similarly, T. longibrachiatum ameliorated the negative effects of salt on wheat growth through activation of the antioxidative defense systems [ 15 ].…”

Potential impacts of soil microbiota manipulation on secondary metabolites production in cannabis

“…has been found to play a role in modulating the production of flavor-related phytometabolites (Brader, et al, 2014 ). Trichoderma harzianum has been shown to increase the root system (Harman, 2011 ; Guzmán-Guzmán, et al, 2019 ; Vicente, et al, 2020 ), biomass accumulation, and water content (Oljira, et al, 2020 ) in a variety of crops including wheat, soybean, and cucumber. In the same way, T .…”