Trichoderma and Gliocladium: Biology, Ecology, and Potential for Biocontrol

Papavizas, G. C.

doi:10.1146/annurev.py.23.090185.000323

Cited by 898 publications

(280 citation statements)

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“…asperellum SKT-1 efficiently produced spores on both solid and liquid media. Aerial spores of the fungus produced on solid medium have been frequently applied as an experimental tool in biological control programs 7,24,29) ; however, the production of aerial spores using solid medium is not reproducible and is not conducive to large-scale production for commercial purposes. On the other hand, fermentation in liquid medium is a good solution to the large-scale commercial production of spores because of the efficiency of scaling-up and the elimination of contamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are effective biocontrol agents (BCAs) against several plant pathogens. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The mode of Trichoderma-biological control includes antibiosis, 9) mycoparasitism, 10) competition for nutrients and the capacity to promote growth, 11,12) and the induction of disease resistance in plants. 13) Successful applications of BCAs as an effective, safe and viable disease control option will be achieved by finding accurate and reliable BCAs against the target pathogens and establishing prompt application methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties and biological control activities of aerial and submerged spores in Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1

Watanabe

Kato²,

Kumakura

et al. 2006

J. Pestic. Sci.

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Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1, a biocontrol agent that is highly effective against rice seedborne diseases, forms submerged spores by liquid culture. These submerged spores had some common properties with aerial spores, but differed in surface topology and internal organization. Aerial spores, so called conidia, maintained high viability under dry storage conditions, whereas the viability of submerged spores was reduced. The cell wall of submerged spores was thinner than that of aerial spores, and the surface was smooth in contrast to the irregular pyramidal warts of aerial spores. Both submerged and aerial spores were highly effective against "Bakanae" disease by seed-treatment. Therefore, these two-types of spores were suitable for different applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and biological control activities of aerial and submerged spores in Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1

Watanabe

Kato²,

Kumakura

et al. 2006

J. Pestic. Sci.

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“…have been used as active ingredients in several commercial biopesticides for the control of a range of economically important soilborne and seedborne plant pathogens. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Although the mode of control by Trichoderma spp. may includes antibiosis, 12) mycoparasitism, 13) competition for nutrients and/or space, 14,15) and the induction of resistance in plants, 16) the complexity of three-way interactions among pathogen-plant-biocontrol agents makes understanding the mode difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of action of Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1, a biocontrol agent against Gibberella fujikuroi

et al. 2007

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Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 and Gibberella fujikuroi, known as causal agents of "Bakanae" disease, were both transformed with genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and hygromycin B (hygB) by restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI). Rice seeds inoculated with GFP-tagged G. fujikuroi showed "Bakanae" symptoms. GFP-tagged SKT-1 maintained biocontrol activity against the pathogen by soaking seeds in SKT-1 spore suspension. Then, we monitored in situ interactions between SKT-1 and G. fujikuroi on rice seeds using GFP-tagged transformations under confocal scanning laser stereomicroscopy. G. fujikuroi disappeared from the embryo of rice seeds after treatment with SKT-1, whereas SKT-1 was observed on the embryo 24 hr after initiation of germination. In addition, the hyphae of G. fujikuroi were penetrated by the hyphae of SKT-1, and degradation of the cell walls of G. fujikuroi was observed under SEM in co-culture. The cell wall of G. fujikuroi on the embryo of rice seeds was lysed, suggesting that mycoparasitism is the mode of action of T. asperellum SKT-1.

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“…any species of Trichoderma have been used as potent biocontrol agents for a variety of soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi (1). The response of Trichoderma to the presence of a potential host includes production of antibiotic compounds, formation of specialized structures, and degradation of the host's cell wall followed by the assimilation of its cellular content, namely mycoparasitism (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced biocontrol activity of Trichoderma through inactivation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase

Mendoza‐Mendoza¹,

Pozo²,

Grzegorski³

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

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The production of lytic enzymes in Trichoderma is considered determinant in its parasitic response against fungal species. A mitogen-activated protein kinase encoding gene, tvk1, from Trichoderma virens was cloned, and its role during the mycoparasitism, conidiation, and biocontrol was examined in tvk1 null mutants. These mutants showed a clear increase in the level of the expression of mycoparasitism-related genes under simulated mycoparasitism and during direct confrontation with the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. The null mutants displayed an increased protein secretion phenotype as measured by the production of lytic enzymes in culture supernatant compared to the wild type. Consistently, biocontrol assays demonstrated that the null mutants were considerably more effective in disease control than the wild-type strain or a chemical fungicide. In addition, tvk1 gene disruptant strains sporulated abundantly in submerged cultures, a condition that is not conducive to sporulation in the wild type. These data suggest that Tvk1 acts as a negative modulator during host sensing and sporulation in T. virens.

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Trichoderma and Gliocladium: Biology, Ecology, and Potential for Biocontrol

Cited by 898 publications

References 0 publications

Properties and biological control activities of aerial and submerged spores in Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1

Properties and biological control activities of aerial and submerged spores in Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1

Mode of action of Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1, a biocontrol agent against Gibberella fujikuroi

Enhanced biocontrol activity of Trichoderma through inactivation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase

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