Trichinosis in the United States

Abstract

A MONG all the intestinal nematodes, Trichi-J\. nella spiralis has probably made the best adjustment for a parasitic existence. All stages of the life cycle are parasitic. The sex¬ ually mature worms reside in the small intestine and produce larvae which invade the muscula¬ ture and internal organs of the host. A recent study of 55 experimentally infected hogs re¬ vealed the following distribution of larvae in the tissues: diaphragm, 100 percent; stomach, 18 percent; testes, 15 percent; liver, 11 percent; brain, lungs, wall of the small intestine, each 9 percent; pancreas and aorta, each 8 percent; 119 rats, 31 of 308 foxes, 1 of 40 opossums, 2 Dr. Kagan, chief of the Hehninthology Unit,

Building the Russian World: Cultural Diplomacy of the Russian Language and Cultural Identity

“…The first large wave of Russian-speaking immigration is typically associated with the Bolshevik Revolution and the fall of the Russian Empire at the turn of the twentieth century. By 1920 there were 392,049 Russian-born U.S. citizens compared to 57,926 ten years earlier (Kagan and Dillon 2010). The second wave, following World War II, was much more difficult to document as it consisted of many displaced individuals who refused to return to the Soviet Union and changed their identities to avoid persecution (Shmelev 2006).…”

“…As a result, the language generally stops being used after the second generation in most immigrant families (Kagan and Dillon 2010), even if Russian identity is maintained otherwise. Even children born to Russian-speaking parents and those who emigrated at a young age, the so-called heritage language speakers of Russian, often do not use Russian beyond the family domain and as a result may not fully acquire it before becoming dominant in English or may gradually lose it under the influence of English (Kagan and Dillon 2010). Similarly, many Russianspeaking adoptees lose Russian after immersion in the English-only environment but pursue studying it later in life as a means of connecting with their roots (Lyon 2009).…”

“…Russian is currently the eighth most spoken language in the U.S. (Kagan and Dillon 2010), with 879,434 speakers, over 400,000 of which report minimum English-speaking ability (U.S. Census Bureau 2013a) and the latest estimate is that 2,762,830 people in the U.S. are of Russian ancestry (U.S. Census Bureau 2014).…”