Trichinella spiralis: Effect of thymus factor X on apoptosis and necrosis in mice

Piekarska, Jolanta; Michalski, Andrzej; Szczypka, Marianna; Obmińska-Mrukowicz, Bożena

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2009.06.009

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is well-known that some intestinal worms such as Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichinella spiralis are able to trigger apoptotic mechanisms in the intestine cells, but the precise mechanism and major involved component need to be elucidated (Kuroda et al 2002; Piekarska et al 2009 a , b ). Interestingly, the worm has evolved an adaptive mechanism to up-regulate and down-regulate apoptosis-related genes in the muscle cells for providing a suitable environment in the nurse cells (Babal et al 2011).…”

Section: Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression

Zakeri

2017

Parasitology

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During microbial infections, both innate and adaptive immunity are activated. Viruses and bacteria usually induce an acute inflammation in the first setting of infection, which helps the eliciting an effective immune response. In contrast, macroparasites such as helminths are a highly successful group of invaders known to be capable of maintaining a chronic infestation with the minimum instigation. Undoubtedly, generating such an immunoregulatory environment requires the exploitation of various immunosuppressive mechanisms to debilitate host immunity supporting their survival and replication. Several mechanisms have been recognized whereby helminths prolong their infections including an increase of immunoregulatory cells, inhibition of Th1 or Th2 responses, targeting pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and lowering the immune cells quantity via induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis is a programmed intracellular process involving a series of consecutive downstream signalling event evolved to cell death. It plays a pivotal role in several immunological reactions in particular deletion of autoreactive immune cells. Helminth-triggered apoptosis in immune cells exhausts host immunity, which paves the way for generating a permissive environment and chronic infection. This review provides a compilation of recent investigations discussing the apoptotic mechanisms exploited by different worms and the immunological consequences of immune cell death. Finally, the anti-cancer effects of some worm-derived molecules due to their apoptotic effects are discussed, highlighting as potentially druggable candidates to combat cancer.

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Section: Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression

Zakeri

2017

Parasitology

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“…In earlier experiments, the stimulator of T cells, thymus factor X (TFX -Jelfa) was used to modulate the immune response of mice during the experimental trichinellosis [9]. Although the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and muscle tissue was higher in the treated mice, this had no effect on parasite load in intestine and on the survival of parasite larvae in muscle tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mice infected with T. spiralis and subjected to actions of immunostimulators, an increase of percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes and decrease of percentage of necrotic lymphocytes in spleen and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes was observed. However, no significant impact of these processes was demonstrated on the number of parasites in intestines and muscles [9]. The aim of the current study was to detect apoptosis and necrosis among lymphocytes of spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes in mice infected with T. spiralis under condition of immunosuppression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental immunology The influence of immunosuppression on apoptosis and necrosis during experimental trichinellosis in mice

Piekarska¹,

Gorczykowski²,

Szczypka³

et al. 2012

cejoi

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A study was carried out to determine the influence of immunosuppressive drug on apoptosis and necrosis lymphocytes in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis. CFW mice were infected with 200 larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Dexametasone was injected intra-peritoneally, at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, ten times at 24 hour intervals (between 1-5 and 18-22 day of infection). The lymphocytes obtained from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes on 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 60 day after infection were incubated using Annexin-V-Fluos Staining Kit. Results of the study demonstrated that dexametasone increased the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes from 14 day after infection in mice infected with T. spiralis and decreased the percentage of the necrotic lymphocytes in both examined lymphatic organs.

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“…Serine protease inhibitor (SPI), which is an important component of ES antigens, can not only regulate enzyme activity to interfere with protein metabolism but also participate in some important physiological and pathological processes, such as complement activation, the inflammatory response and apoptosis [ 5 – 7 ]. Piekarska et al found that the intestinal stage of T. spiralis infection could induce apoptosis in cells in the villous lamina propria [ 8 , 9 ]. Therefore, we hypothesized that T. spiralis SPI (TsSPI) may be involved in intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis induced by T. spiralis infection, but the specific mechanism remains to be further explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis and a serine protease inhibitor on the endoplasmic reticulum stress response of intestinal epithelial cells

Pang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Vet Res

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The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum can cause an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response. If ERS continues or cannot be alleviated, it will cause the production of proapoptotic factors and eventually lead to apoptosis. Therefore, this study mainly explored whether Trichinella spiralis Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor (TsKaSPI) contributed to the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells during the infectious stage of T. spiralis by regulating ERS. First, in the T. spiralis infection model, H&E staining was used to analyse the damage to jejunum tissue, a TUNEL assay was used to examine cell apoptosis, and the expression of ERS-related and apoptosis-related molecules was also measured. The results showed that ERS occurred during the intestinal phase of T. spiralis infection, while remission began during the cyclic phase. Then, we selected TsKaSPI, one of the important components of T. spiralis ES antigens, for in vitro experiments. The results showed that TsKaSPI could induce apoptosis in a porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC cells) by activating ERS and promote activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. Inhibition experiments confirmed that the occurrence of ERS was accompanied by the activation of NF-κB, and the two processes regulated each other. Finally, we conducted in vivo experiments and administered TsKaSPI to mice. The results confirmed that TsKaSPI could activate ERS and lead to apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. In conclusion, T. spiralis infection and TsKaSPI can promote cell apoptosis by activating the ERS response in intestinal epithelial cells and activate the NF-κB signalling pathway to promote the occurrence and development of inflammation.

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Trichinella spiralis: Effect of thymus factor X on apoptosis and necrosis in mice

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression

Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression

Experimental immunology The influence of immunosuppression on apoptosis and necrosis during experimental trichinellosis in mice

Regulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis and a serine protease inhibitor on the endoplasmic reticulum stress response of intestinal epithelial cells

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