Trichinella pseudospiralis in the Iberian peninsula

Zamora, M.J.; Álvarez, María Esther Chávez; Olmedo, Juan Antonio Olmedo; Blanco, Miriam; Pozio, Edoardo

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.004

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The source of infection of this outbreak pointed towards wild boar meat imported from Spain, where Trichinella sp. infection is still endemic in the wild boar population [ 32 , 33 ]. According to ECDC epidemiological data, trichinellosis was most prevalent in eastern Europe (Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Latvia) mainly due to eating domestic pork.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of trichinellosis related to eating imported wild boar meat, Belgium, 2014

Messiaen

Forier²,

Vanderschueren

et al. 2016

Eurosurveillance

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Trichinellosis is a rare parasitic zoonosis caused by Trichinella following ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing Trichinella larvae. In the past five years, there has been a sharp decrease in human trichinellosis incidence rates in the European Union due to better practices in rearing domestic animals and control measures in slaughterhouses. In November 2014, a large outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in Belgium, related to the consumption of imported wild boar meat. After a swift local public health response, 16 cases were identified and diagnosed with trichinellosis. Of the 16 cases, six were female. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology or the presence of larvae in the patients’ muscle biopsies by histology and/or PCR. The ensuing investigation traced the wild boar meat back to Spain. Several batches of imported wild boar meat were recalled but tested negative. The public health investigation allowed us to identify clustered undiagnosed cases. Early warning alerts and a coordinated response remain indispensable at a European level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of trichinellosis related to eating imported wild boar meat, Belgium, 2014

Messiaen

Forier²,

Vanderschueren

et al. 2016

Eurosurveillance

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“…Wolverines are opportunistic foragers, primarily depending on carcasses of caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ), and other carrion and prey in the winter, shifting to vegetation and preying on small mammals, and birds in the summer (Pasitschniak-Arts and Larivière, 1995). Wild birds, especially raptors and birds such as jaegers that typically feed on small to medium sized mammals (e.g., rodents, shrews, lagomorphs), could spread T. pseudospiralis over great distances leading to the potential for establishment of new foci of infections in locations previously considered at no or low risk for this parasite (Zamora et al, 2015). Nucleotide sequence analysis placed the isolate discovered in wolverine among only other Canadian isolate previously documented from Canada (100% identity with isolate from a mountain lion from Vancouver Island), as well as those from distant and geographically disjunct localities in the Palearctic (Russia and Kazakhstan) and Neotropical regions (Argentina).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All species and genotypes of Trichinella have been reported in mammals, whereas T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis also infect reptilian hosts. Trichinella pseudospiralis is the only species in the genus reported in both carnivorous birds and mammals, but the number of reports in mammals exceeds those in avian hosts (Pozio et al, 2009; Zamora et al, 2015). Worldwide, T. pseudospiralis has a cosmopolitan distribution and has been reported in 18 mammalian and eight avian species (Pozio, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichinella pseudospiralis in a wolverine (Gulo gulo) from the Canadian North

Sharma

Thompson

Elkin

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Species of Trichinella are a globally distributed assemblage of nematodes, often with distinct host ranges, which include people, domestic, and wild animals. Trichinella spp. are important in northern Canada, where dietary habits of people and methods of meat preparation (drying, smoking, fermenting as well as raw) increase the risk posed by these foodborne zoonotic parasites. Outbreaks in the arctic and subarctic regions of Canada and the United States are generally attributed to T. nativa (T2) or the T6 genotype, when genetic characterization is performed. We report the discovery of Trichinella pseudospiralis (T4), a non-encapsulated species, in a wolverine ( Gulo gulo ) from the Northwest Territories of Canada. This parasite has been previously reported elsewhere from both mammals and carnivorous birds, but our findings represent new host and geographic records for T. pseudospiralis . Multiplex PCR and sequencing of fragments of Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) and D3 rDNA confirmed the identification. Phylogenetically, Canadian isolates linked with each other and others derived from Palearctic or Neotropical regions, but not elsewhere in the Nearctic (continental USA). We suggest that migratory birds might have played a role in the dispersal of this pathogen 1000's of km to northwestern Canada. Wolverines are not typically consumed by humans, and thus should not pose a direct food safety risk for trichinellosis. However, the current finding suggests that they may serve as an indicator of a broader distribution for T. pseudospiralis . Along with infection risk already recognized for T. nativa and Trichinella T6, our observations emphasize the need for further studies using molecular diagnostics and alternative methods to clarify if this is a solitary case, or if T. pseudospiralis and other freeze susceptible species of Trichinella (such as T. spiralis ) circulate more broadly in wildlife in Canada, and elsewhere.

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“…Trichinellosis is OIE listed, reportable disease with worldwide distribution. While several species of Trichinella may infect wild suids, T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis are most commonly reported (Nöckler et al, 2006;Zamora et al, 2015). No gross lesions and only mild histologic inflammation has been noted in infected wild boars, and infection is of importance because of the zoonotic potential.…”

Section: Metazoamentioning

confidence: 99%