Tributaries of the popliteal vein

The anatomy of the small saphenous vein: Fascial and neural relations, saphenofemoral junction, and valves

“…One might argue that "type D" comprises the "real" SPJ and an additional "popliteal area vein" (PAV). 31,32 Such a vein may terminate into the SSV, a gastrocnemial vein, or directly to the PV, but arise in the superficial fat over the popliteal space, the lower posterior thigh, and upper calf, 32 whereas in our cases the SSV sends two vessels towards the PV. Another possibility for type D would be the presence of a popliteal fossa perforating vein of type 1 presentation together with a normal SPJ, 33 where the perforator comes from the SSV.…”

“…This stands in contradiction to earlier findings in which the veins of the biceps and semimembranosus muscle rarely have been seen. 31,32 Over the years, different classifications of the SPJ have been created, making any comparison of clinical findings very difficult. Firstly, low and high terminations have been described.…”

Biomolecular Mechanisms in Varicose Veins Development

“…However, Caggiati demonstrated, that the saphenous vein was not altered in almost half of the varicose veins cases, which could confirm the theory of not only retrograde but also antegrade development of varicose veins [18]. Dodd revealed that in 61% of the limbs in young patients varicosities were limited to the tributaries of the saphenous vein and veins not connected directly with the saphenous vein, whereas in older patients VVs occurred in both saphenous vein and its tributaries [19].…”

Ätiologie, Nomenklatur und Pathophysiologie der chronisch venösen Insuffizienz

“…Eine venöse Hypertension in den großen Venen mit primärer Klappeninsuffizienz und nachfolgender Dilatation der distalen Venenabschnitte ist nur in einem Teil der Fälle bereits zu Beginn nachzuweisen [1]. Nicht selten findet man -vor allem auch bei jüngeren Patienten -eine antegrade Entwicklung von Varizen mit pathologischen Refluxen und Ausweitungen von Venenwänden nur in Seitenästen, die Stammvenen sind (noch) nicht mitbetroffen [2][3][4].…”