Tribonucleation of bubbles

Hayward, Alan T. J.

doi:10.1088/0508-3443/18/5/314

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although it has been argued that diving marine mammals may crush bubble nuclei through repetitive diving, the issue remains unresolved (Mackay et al, 1982). The mechanism of nuclei generation also remains unresolved, though tribonucleation (Hayward, 1967) and homogeneous nucleation under gas supersaturation (Weathersby et al, 1982) have been o!ered as candidate mechanisms. Furthermore, previous commentary has indicated the potential for acoustic pressure "elds to cause cavitation in mammalian body #uids (Mackay et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Diving-induced Tissue Nitrogen Supersaturation Increase the Chance of Acoustically Driven Bubble Growth in Marine Mammals?

Houser

Howard

Ridgway

2001

Journal of Theoretical Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The potential for acoustically mediated causes of stranding in cetaceans (whales and dolphins) is of increasing concern given recent stranding events associated with anthropogenic acoustic activity. We examine a potentially debilitating non-auditory mechanism called rectified diffusion. Rectified diffusion causes gas bubble growth, which in an insonified animal may produce emboli, tissue separation and high, localized pressure in nervous tissue. Using the results of a dolphin dive study and a model of rectified diffusion for low-frequency exposure, we demonstrate that the diving behavior of cetaceans prior to an intense acoustic exposure may increase the chance of rectified diffusion. Specifically, deep diving and slow ascent/descent speed contributes to increased gas-tissue saturation, a condition that amplifies the likelihood of rectified diffusion. The depth of lung collapse limits nitrogen uptake per dive and the surface interval duration influences the amount of nitrogen washout from tissues between dives. Model results suggest that low-frequency rectified diffusion models need to be advanced, that the diving behavior of marine mammals of concern needs to be investigated to identify at-risk animals, and that more intensive studies of gas dynamics within diving marine mammals should be undertaken.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Diving-induced Tissue Nitrogen Supersaturation Increase the Chance of Acoustically Driven Bubble Growth in Marine Mammals?

Houser

Howard

Ridgway

2001

Journal of Theoretical Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…fat bodies) since poorly perfused tissues with slow gas wash-out rates are considered the most vulnerable to autochthonous bubble formation (Francis and Mitchell, 2003). Any agonal action on the part of the beached whale may also contribute to VGE formation via tribonucleation (Hayward, 1967), a process D. S. Houser and others that may explain the increased susceptibility to DCS in men and animals exercising following decompression (Kumar and Powell, 1994;Pollard et al, 1995). Fernández et al (Fernández et al, 2005) compared fat emboli found in the lungs of beaked whales stranded in the Canary Islands in 2002, and putatively related to MFA sonar activities, to 86 lung tissue samples from other cetaceans stranded along the coast of the Canary Islands.…”

Section: Relevance Of Findings To the Vascular Bubble Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the potential for vascular bubble formation in a repetitively diving dolphin

Houser

Dankiewicz-Talmadge

Stockard

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe production of venous gas emboli (VGE) resulting from altered dive behavior is postulated as contributing to the stranding of beaked whales exposed to mid-frequency active sonar. To test whether nitrogen gas uptake during repetitive breath-hold diving is sufficient for asymptomatic VGE formation in odontocetes, a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus Montagu) was trained to perform 10-12 serial dives with 60s surface intervals to depths of 30, 50, 70 or 100m. The dolphin remained at the bottom depth for 90s on each dive. Doppler and/or two-dimensional imaging ultrasound did not detect VGE in the portal and brachiocephalic veins following a dive series. Van Slyke analyses of serial, post-dive blood samples drawn from the fluke yielded blood nitrogen partial pressure (P N2 ) values that were negligibly different from control samples. Mean heart rate (HR; ±1s.d.) recorded during diving was 50±3beatsmin -1 and was not significantly different between the 50, 70 and 100m dive sessions. The absence of VGE and elevated blood P N2 during post-dive periods do not support the hypothesis that N 2 supersaturation during repetitive dives contributes to VGE formation in the dolphin. The diving HR pattern and the presumed rapid N 2 washout during the surface-interval tachycardia probably minimized N 2 accumulation in the blood during dive sessions.

show abstract

“…4.20 with a linear-secant bulk modulus EOS [51]. Equation 4.20 is actually the inverse of that reported by Tait, but for all intensive purposes this is the original Tait equation.…”

Section: Tait Equationmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…empirical (and semiempirical) or theoretical. It is also illustrative to discuss the original definition of Tait's EOS, which has a slightly misconstrued interpretation [51]. Our discussion of the empirical EOS will include the Tait [40], Murnaghan [41,42], Birch-Murnaghan [43], Vinet [44,45], and Sun [46] equations.…”

Section: Equations Of Statementioning

confidence: 99%