Tribometrology of Skin

Gitis, Norm; Sivamani, Raja K

doi:10.1080/05698190490493355

Cited by 84 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…To prevent slipping of the objects, when people manipulate hand-held objects they adjust grasping force to the friction at the digit tip-object interfaces ( In the literature, different methods of skin friction measurements have been used. Two recent review papers (Sivamani et al 2003; Gitis & Sivamani, 2004) cite 11 and 6 different methods, respectively. The measurements were mainly performed by dermatologists (Highley et al, 1977;Sivamani et al, 2003a, b, c; Gitis & Sivamani, 2004) and were motivated by practical purposes such as cosmetics applications (Koudine et al, 2000) as well as by other issues, such as blister prevention (Knapik et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two recent review papers (Sivamani et al 2003; Gitis & Sivamani, 2004) cite 11 and 6 different methods, respectively. The measurements were mainly performed by dermatologists (Highley et al, 1977;Sivamani et al, 2003a, b, c; Gitis & Sivamani, 2004) and were motivated by practical purposes such as cosmetics applications (Koudine et al, 2000) as well as by other issues, such as blister prevention (Knapik et al 1995). The knowledge of skin-object friction is also important in ergonomics (Bobjer et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Technique to Determine Friction at the Fingertips

Savescu

Latash

Zatsiorsky

2008

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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This paper proposes a technique to calculate the coefficient of friction for fingertip-object interface. Twelve subjects (6 males and 6 females) participated in two experiments. During the first experiment (the "imposed displacement" method) a 3D force sensor was moved horizontally while the subjects applied a specified normal force (4N, 8N, 12N) on the surface of a sensor covered with different materials (sandpaper, cotton, rayon, polyester, and silk).The normal force and the tangential force (i.e. the force due to the sensor motion) were recorded. The coefficient of friction (µ d ) was calculated as the ratio between the tangential force and the normal force. In the second experiment (the "beginning slip" method), a small instrumented object was gripped between the index finger and the thumb, held stationary in the air and then allowed to drop. The weight (200g, 500g and 1000g) and the surface (sandpaper, cotton, rayon, polyester and silk) in contact with the digits varied across trials. The same sensor as in the first experiment was used to record the normal force (in a horizontal direction) and the tangential force (in the vertical direction). The slip force (i.e. the minimal normal force or grip force necessary to prevent slipping) was estimated as the force at the moment when the object just began to slip. The coefficient of friction was calculated as the ratio between the tangential force and the slip force. The results show that: (1) the "imposed displacement" method is reliable; (2) except sandpaper, for all other materials the coefficient of friction did not depend of the normal force; (3) the skin-sandpaper coefficient of friction was the highest µ d = 0.96±0.09 (for 4N normal force) and the skin-rayon rayon coefficient of friction was the smallest µ d = 0.36±0.10; (4) no significant difference between the coefficients of friction determined with the "imposed displacement" method and the "beginning slip" method was observed. We view the "imposed displacement" technique as having an advantage as compared to the beginning slip method, which is more cumbersome (e.g. dropped object should be protected from impacts) and prone to subjective errors due to uncertainty in determining the instance of the slip initiation (i.e. impeding sliding).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Technique to Determine Friction at the Fingertips

Savescu

Latash

Zatsiorsky

2008

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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“…[5,8,9] To date, friction tests on lubricated skin have focussed on the effects of skin hydration [9][10][11][12][13] , commercial skin creams [5,6,9] , and cosmetic ingredients such as petrolatum and glycerol. [6,9] It has also been shown that, in dry contacts, talcum powder reduces friction in compliant contacts, [14] and on skin. [12,13,15] Gerrard found that the reduction of friction by application of talcum powder was only significant under sufficiently humid conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5] It has been shown that the tribological properties of cosmetic products affect the latters' performance [6,7] and skin feel. [5,8,9] To date, friction tests on lubricated skin have focussed on the effects of skin hydration [9][10][11][12][13] , commercial skin creams [5,6,9] , and cosmetic ingredients such as petrolatum and glycerol. [6,9] It has also been shown that, in dry contacts, talcum powder reduces friction in compliant contacts, [14] and on skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate lubricants in cosmetic applications

Timm

Myant

Spikes

et al. 2011

Tribology International

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Polymer powders are commonly added to cosmetic formulations to improve product performance and skin feel. This study investigates the effect of particle concentration and size on the lubricating properties of powder suspensions. Results are reported for various particle sizes and concentrations.When the tribological contact was fully immersed the addition of particles had no effect.However different behaviour was observed when the contact was only partially-lubricated. In this case, a three stage friction coefficient curve was observed. By varying the particle size and concentration it was shown that the duration and magnitude of each stage can be controlled.

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“…En este comportamiento se evidencia el fenómeno de Stick-Slip [46], (ver Figura7b) donde el movimiento no es constante si no que se desplaza una distancia dada y luego se detiene. Este es un comportamiento típico de la fricción de la piel, autores como Koudine et al [22] y Gitis y Sivamani [47] lo han evidenciado. El CF dinámico se calculó como el promedio de la amplitud de las mediciones realizadas en la zona de Stick-Slip [22], [47].…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Influencia de los Parámetros Tribológicos en el Coeficiente de Fricción entre Polipropileno y Piel

2014

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ResumenSe adquirieron los datos sobre la topología superficial de sockets para amputados transfermorales utilizando un microscopio de fuerzas atómicas (AFM), se caracterizaron las propiedades tribológicas de 12 zonas significativas, a partir de estos datos se crearon superficies virtuales con geometría sinusoidal de 250m de área, las cuales fueron empleadas para llevar a cabo una simulación numérica para encontrar cual era la relación entre dichos parámetros y el coeficiente de fricción entre el polipropileno del socket y la piel. La piel se modeló como un material híper-elástico y el polipropileno como un material elástico lineal, se impuso un desplazamiento inicial de contacto y un desplazamiento tangencial de las probetas para calcular el coeficiente de fricción, adicionalmente, se aplicó una presión a la parte superior de las probetas de polipropileno que simulan las presiones generadas por el calzado de la prótesis y las fuerzas generadas durante la fase de apoyo de la marcha humana. Se encontró que existe una correlación entre los 1

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Tribometrology of Skin

Cited by 84 publications

References 16 publications

A Technique to Determine Friction at the Fingertips

A Technique to Determine Friction at the Fingertips

Particulate lubricants in cosmetic applications

Influencia de los Parámetros Tribológicos en el Coeficiente de Fricción entre Polipropileno y Piel

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