Tribological study and mechanism of B–N and B–S–N triazine borate esters as lubricant additives in mineral oil

Tribological properties and action mechanism of a highly hydrolytically stable N-containing heterocyclic borate ester

“…Extreme pressure (EP) and anti-wear (AW) additives in lubricating oil play very important roles in boundary lubricating condition [Shah, et al, 2012;Li, et al, 2015;Sun, et al, 2010;Huang, et al, 2002]. In recent years, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), a traditional lubricating additive containing sulfur, phosphorus or zinc, is utilized widely in engine oils as AW/EP additive [Zhang, et al, 1999a;Kim and Mourhatch, 2010;Morina, et al, 2006;Taylor and Spikes, 2003].…”

“…It has been reported that borate esters possessed a good combination of properties, such as wear resistance, friction-reducing ability, anti-oxidation, and low toxicity [Miller, et al, 2013;Zheng, et al, 1998;Jia, et al, 2011;Li, et al, 2014b;Li, et al, 2014c;Shah, et al, 2009]. However, the main drawback of borate esters was the susceptibility to hydrolysis, which limited their application in lubricating oil [Li, et al, 2015;Zheng, et al, 1998]. The methods of enhancing the hydrolytic stability of borate esters included the introduction the large steric hindrance group, the formation of inter-or intra-molecular-coordination of nitrogen to boron N→B and the effects of P-π conjugated system between boron and benzene [Li, et al, 2014a;Yang, et al, 2013;Li, et al, 2015].…”

Two-particle indistinguishability and identification of boson and fermion species: a Fisher information approach

“…The QFI was studied in quantum metrology, aiming at achieving better precision in a parameter estimation and enhancing its sensitivity [3,4,5]. The QFI is widely used for various metrological tasks [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18], but this paper focuses on the (classical) FI to get a better insight in quantum phenomena and sensitivity of parameters. Except quantum metrology, previously there are only few quantum tasks studied by the classical FI [19,20].…”

Tribological characteristic and mechanism analysis of borate ester as a lubricant additive in different base oils

“…[9][10][11] N-containing compounds, especially, N-containing heterocyclic compounds with compact and stable structures have recently been extensively studied. For example, benzothiazole, 12 benzotriazole, [13][14][15] quinazoline, 16 imidazoline 17 and triazine 18,19 groups separately introduced into the molecular backbones of borate esters and successfully enhanced the antiwear and friction-reducing abilities as well as load-carrying capacity of base oils. Unfortunately, most of the heterocyclic compounds involve sulfur atom which is a potential threat to the environment.…”