Tribological Behavior of Friction Materials of a Disk-Brake Pad Braking System Affected by Structural Changes—A Review

Abstract

For road safety, braking system performance has become a very important requirement for car vehicle manufacturers and passengers. To this end, vehicle designers must understand the characteristics of tribological behavior and the causes of their variation in properties. This paper analyzes the tribological behavior (at friction and wear) of the most recent material couples of the braking disk-pad system affected by their structural change through the implications on the braking system stability, reliability and suitable characterizations. Obtaining information to design a very efficient braking system and assessing the influence of the material’s structural changes on its stability has become a necessity. This has been made possible by using several methods of testing a brake disk-pad couple on various devices intended for this purpose. The materials of the contact surface disk-brake pad with their tribological performance (friction, wear), especially the friction coefficient, present particular importance. Also, system components’ reliability, heat transfer and the noise and vibration of the brake disk-pad couple are vital to the correct operation of the braking system and should be given special attention. The test results obtained define the friction patterns and the influence of structural changes and other environmental factors that can be used in computer analysis.

Study and Structural and Tribological Analysis of the Brake Disc-Pads Pair Material

“…The nature and disc surface characteristics together with the abrasive properties, composition, and brake pad microstructure determine the frictional behavior of the braking system [22]. It is mentioned that most friction materials for vehicle braking systems were designed and developed, considering that, the contact surface is with the cast iron.…”

“…To obtain an effective hardening and stiffening of the composite material requires a critical fiber length, which is 1 mm [23]. On the other hand, the fiber orientation in the composite material influences the hardness and mechanical properties [22] The fiber alignment may be parallel to the long axes of the fibers in one direction, or they may have a disordered alignment. The alignment of the fibers leads to highly anisotropic properties in the composite, depending on the direction in which they are measured.…”

Effect of Wet Granulation on Tribological Behaviors of Cu-Based Friction Materials

“…It is reported in the literature that the morphology of the counterpart surface can reflect useful information about the tribological properties of CBFMs [ 7 , 32 ]. According to Weiqi Lian [ 7 ], different wear mechanisms of CBFMs correspond to different morphology characteristics of counterpart surfaces.…”

Study of the Influence of the Copper Component’s Shape on the Properties of the Friction Material Used in Brakes—Part One, Tribological Properties

“…The current technology allows the use of almost any available material to develop the desired composition of the friction material [ 3 ]. This composition may differ depending on the intended use of the pad (e.g., it will be different in racing vehicles and different in low-speed vehicles), but in virtually all cases four basic groups of components can be distinguished: reinforcements, binders, fillers, and abrasives [ 4 ].…”