“…Li et al 13 employed both ultrasonication and mechanical stirring for the effective dispersion of graphene sheets in a nickel sulphamate electrolytic bath. The grain refinement and hindrance to dislocation movement provided by the metal-Gr interface lead to 2.7-fold enhancement in the Vickers hardness and 1.4-fold in Young's modulus, respectively.The combination of mechanical stirring and ultrasonic agitation in 3 consecutive cycles was implemented in the research work carried out by Toosinezhad et al 14 The electrodeposited Co-Gr composite manifested a 3 fold increase in micro-hardness than that of pure cobalt.…”
Graphene, a two-dimensional material consisting of carbon sheets with exceptionally superior mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, presents itself as an effective second phase reinforcement option for composites and functionally graded materials. Although polymer matrix composites reinforced with graphene have been explored extensively, metal/graphene composite is a comparatively new field of research. This perspective article reviews electrochemical deposition as a strategy to fabricate well-dispersed metal/graphene composites for their potential to enhance mechanical and physical characteristics. The recent state of the art research works has been discussed along with the challenges that are being encountered and their possible solutions.
“…Li et al 13 employed both ultrasonication and mechanical stirring for the effective dispersion of graphene sheets in a nickel sulphamate electrolytic bath. The grain refinement and hindrance to dislocation movement provided by the metal-Gr interface lead to 2.7-fold enhancement in the Vickers hardness and 1.4-fold in Young's modulus, respectively.The combination of mechanical stirring and ultrasonic agitation in 3 consecutive cycles was implemented in the research work carried out by Toosinezhad et al 14 The electrodeposited Co-Gr composite manifested a 3 fold increase in micro-hardness than that of pure cobalt.…”
Graphene, a two-dimensional material consisting of carbon sheets with exceptionally superior mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, presents itself as an effective second phase reinforcement option for composites and functionally graded materials. Although polymer matrix composites reinforced with graphene have been explored extensively, metal/graphene composite is a comparatively new field of research. This perspective article reviews electrochemical deposition as a strategy to fabricate well-dispersed metal/graphene composites for their potential to enhance mechanical and physical characteristics. The recent state of the art research works has been discussed along with the challenges that are being encountered and their possible solutions.
“…Such as molybdenum disulfide, silicon dioxide, fullerene, graphene, etc. compounded with liquid lubricants, this avoided both cold welding adhesion to solid surfaces and dry friction under transient oil-starved conditions [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”
The microscopic interaction between graphene and liquid lubricating oil molecules significantly affects the rheological and tribological properties of the solid-liquid lubricating system. In this study, the interaction between graphene and six kinds of alkane oil droplets with different chain lengths was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Interaction energy, atomic concentration distribution, mean square distribution, curvature, centroid, and inclination angle were used to quantitatively describe the effect of interaction differences on lubricating performance. The results demonstrated that with the increase of the carbon chain length, the alkane molecules transformed from a spherical oil droplet model to an ordered layered structure.At the same time, the interaction energy and the angle with the Z coordinate axis were further increased. The self-diffusion movement and the degree of molecular bending were reduced during the interaction, indicating that long-chain alkane molecules interact strongly with graphene, and a dense bilayer adsorption film was formed by horizontal adsorption on the surface of graphene, thus exerting a good lubricating effect. In addition, it was found that the increase in temperature was beneficial to the occurrence of the adsorption process, but high temperature is not conducive to the stable adsorption of alkane molecules on the surface of graphene.
“…Some popular coating powders used in TIG cladding were, Ni [24], Fe [25] and Co-based [26] alloy powders. The Co-based alloy combined with ceramic reinforced materials can enhanced the tribological properties [27,28]. Nowadays, MMC (metal matrix composite) powders are frequently used in TIG cladding.…”
In this paper, the mechanical and tribological characteristics of TiB2 ceramic coating with and without cobalt (Co) addition developed using tungsten inert gas (TIG) cladding process on AISI 304 stainless steel (SS) were investigated. The effect of TIG process conditions as well as cobalt (Co) content on the microstructure, microhardness and resistance to wear were investigated systematically. The phase identification, microstructure, and elemental distribution map of the clad layer formed on the surface of an AISI 304SS substrate were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Vickers microhardness testing apparatus and a pin-on-disc tribometer were used to evaluate the microhardness, resistance to wear, and coefficient of friction (COF), respectively. The result demonstrates that a dense and defect-free composite coating with a strong metallurgical bond to the substrate is possible. The average microhardness of the TiB2 ceramic coating without Co addition was 1704 HV, and the average wear rate was 15.1576×10-9 g/N-m. In contrast, the TiB2 ceramic coating with Co addition exhibited an improved average microhardness of 1860 HV and a reduced average wear rate of 22.7364×10-9 g/N-m, while the AISI 304SS substrate had an average microhardness of 216 HV and an average wear rate of 200.45×10-9 g/N-m. The conclusion is that the TiB2 ceramic coating with Co addition exhibited superior mechanical and tribological characteristics, demonstrating its suitability for use in wear-resistant components. The higher microhardness of the TiB2 ceramic with Co-added coating indicates enhanced hardness and potential resistance to deformation, while the lower wear rate suggests improved durability and the ability to withstand frictional forces. Therefore, the TiB2 ceramic coating with Co addition shows promise for applications where wear resistance is crucial.
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