Tribolium castaneum immune defense genes are differentially expressed in response to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins sharing common receptor molecules and exhibiting disparate toxicity

Contreras, Estefanía; Benito-Jardón, María; López-Galiano, María José; Real, M. Dolores; Rausell, Carolina

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.005

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The bacteria were cultured to log phase with an optical density (OD) of ~1 at 600 nm and harvested by centrifugation. The pellets were re-suspended and used of gradient dilution in sterilized buffer (Contreras, Benito-Jardon, Lopez-Galiano, Real, & Rausell, 2015;Zhang & Lu, 2015). About 200 nl each of the bacterial suspension was injected into the LL, and the mortality percentage in 3 days was recorded.…”

Section: Pathogen Stresses Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and functional analysis of hsp21.8b: An orthologous small heat shock protein gene in Tribolium castaneum

Xie

Xiong

et al. 2018

J Applied Entomology

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Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) act as molecular chaperones and are widely distributed in all kinds of organisms. Comparative analysis revealed that an orthologous shsp was present during insect evolution. Here, hsp21.8b, one insect orthologous shsp, had been identified in Tribolium castaneum. Quantitative real‐time PCR illustrated that Tchsp21.8b was expressed in all developmental stages, along with the lowest expression at early embryonic stage and relative high expression at other stages especially in late eggs and late pupae. In the adult period, Tchsp21.8b exhibited the highest expression level in central nervous system and followed in elytron, epidermis, ovary and fat body. Moreover, it was upregulated 3.39‐fold in response to enhanced heat stress (45°C) for 4 hr but not to cold stress (4°C) and was upregulated by 1.73‐ to 1.94‐fold under ultraviolet (UV) exposure during 4–6 hr. It was also downregulated by 20.8%–41.8% under starvation in 3 days and had a “down‐up‐down” trend under the pathogen stresses. Larval RNA interference of Tchsp21.8b caused 40.6% insects mortality and reduced the oviposition amount by 66.0% and only 21.0% of the ds‐Tchsp21.8b eggs could hatch into larvae. These results suggested that as an orthologous shsp, Tchsp21.8b not only plays important roles in the growth, development and fecundity of T. castaneum but with the competence to resist the environment stresses, although the response is relatively weak compared to other hsps. Results from this study also uncovered the functions of the orthologous shsp in the development and anti‐stresses ability of T. castanuem. It provided more scientific evidence for revealing the physiological mechanisms of shsps of the insects and enhanced the capabilities to control different pests.

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Section: Pathogen Stresses Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and functional analysis of hsp21.8b: An orthologous small heat shock protein gene in Tribolium castaneum

Xie

Xiong

et al. 2018

J Applied Entomology

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“…In the genetic model Tribolium castaneum , proteomic and transcriptomic studies have identified apolipophorin III as being upregulated in response to Cry3 proteins [45,46]. Selective up-regulation of apolipophorin III only occurs after exposure to Cry proteins active against T. castaneum [47], supporting the important role of this protein in the gut response to intoxication. While the specific role of this protein in the gut defense response is not known, reports in the lepidopteran Helicoverpa armigera suggest sequestration of circulating Cry toxins by lipids associated to lipophorins, preventing damage to enterocytes [48].…”

Section: Control Of the Midgut Regenerative Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal regeneration as an insect resistance mechanism to entomopathogenic bacteria

Castagnola

Jurat-Fuentes

2016

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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The intestinal epithelium of insects is exposed to xenobiotics and entomopathogens during the feeding developmental stages. In these conditions, an effective enterocyte turnover mechanism is highly desirable to maintain integrity of the gut epithelial wall. As in other insects, the gut of lepidopteran larvae have stem cells that are capable of proliferation, which occurs during molting and pathogenic episodes. While much is known on the regulation of gut stem cell division during molting, there is a current knowledge gap on the molecular regulation of gut healing processes after entomopathogen exposure. Relevant information on this subject is emerging from studies of the response to exposure to insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) as model intoxicants. In this work we discuss currently available data on the molecular cues involved in gut stem cell proliferation, insect gut healing, and the implications of enhanced healing as a potential mechanism of resistance against Bt toxins.

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“…The unfolded protein (UPR) pathway, induced after activation of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, has since been implicated in the resistance of A. aegypti to Cry11Aa17. In T. castaneum , the hemolymph protein Apolipophorin-III acts as an immune response protein following challenge by Cry3Ba1819. Insect midgut alkaline phosphatase and cadherin, which are generally thought to be Cry toxin receptors, have also been found to be involved in the immune response to Cry toxins2021.…”

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confidence: 99%

Knockdown of the MAPK p38 pathway increases the susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ca toxin

Qiu

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a wide range of toxins that are effective against a number of insect pests. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for resistance to Bt toxin will improve both our ability to control important insect pests and our understanding of bacterial toxicology. In this study, we investigated the role of MAPK pathways in resistance against Cry1Ca toxin in Chilo suppressalis, an important lepidopteran pest of rice crops. We first cloned the full-length of C. suppressalis mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, ERK1, and ERK2, and a partial sequence of JNK (hereafter Csp38, CsERK1, CsERK2 and CsJNK). We could then measure the up-regulation of these MAPK genes in larvae at different times after ingestion of Cry1Ca toxin. Using RNA interference to knockdown Csp38, CsJNK, CsERK1 and CsERK2 showed that only knockdown of Csp38 significantly increased the mortality of larvae to Cry1Ca toxin ingested in either an artificial diet, or after feeding on transgenic rice expressed Cry1Ca. These results suggest that MAPK p38 is responsible for the resistance of C. suppressalis larvae to Bt Cry1Ca toxin.

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Tribolium castaneum immune defense genes are differentially expressed in response to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins sharing common receptor molecules and exhibiting disparate toxicity

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Characterization and functional analysis of hsp21.8b: An orthologous small heat shock protein gene in Tribolium castaneum

Characterization and functional analysis of hsp21.8b: An orthologous small heat shock protein gene in Tribolium castaneum

Intestinal regeneration as an insect resistance mechanism to entomopathogenic bacteria

Knockdown of the MAPK p38 pathway increases the susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ca toxin

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