Tribolium castaneum gene expression changes after Paranosema whitei infection

Lopez-Ezquerra, Alberto; Mitschke, Andreas; Bornberg‐Bauer, Erich; Joop, Gerrit

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.009

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Indeed, besides a significant increase in Pv Kr-h1 mRNA transcript levels in shrimp hemocytes after V. parahaemolyticus (AHPND) challenge, hemolymph total bacterial abundance and shrimp mortality increased significantly after Pv Kr-h1 knockdown followed by V. parahaemolyticus (AHPND) challenge ( Figure 2 ). This observation is consistent with a previous study where the expression of Kr-h1 gene in T. castaneum was significantly upregulated after Paranosema whitei infection ( 22 ). Moreover, our recent data revealed that juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), an enzyme that breaks down juvenile hormone, which is also involved in the development and molting of insects, plays an essential role in shrimp survival during bacterial infection ( 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Structurally, Kr-h1 is similar to other Kruppel family members and contain zinc finger domains ( 19 , 20 ), that is mainly regulated by the juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysone and have been implicated in the regulation of metamorphosis in insects ( 21 ). A recent transcriptome study of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has shown that Kr-h1 responds to immune challenges ( 22 ). Similarly, transcriptome analysis of the pacific white shrimp hemocytes challenged with V. parahaemolyticus (AHPND) has revealed a significant dysregulation of Kr-h1, suggesting that the of Kr-h1 homolog in P. vannamei ( Pv Kr-h1) could be involved in antibacterial immune response in penaeid shrimps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kruppel homolog 1 modulates ROS production and antimicrobial peptides expression in shrimp hemocytes during infection by the Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain that causes AHPND

Zheng,

Liu,

Lin

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Shrimp aquaculture has been seriously affected by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), caused by a strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that carries the Pir toxin plasmids (V. parahaemolyticus(AHPND)). In this study, the transcription factor, Kruppel homolog 1-like of Peneaus vannamei (PvKr-h1), was significantly induced in shrimp hemocytes after V. parahaemolyticus(AHPND) challenge, suggesting that PvKr-h1 is involved in shrimp immune response. Knockdown of PvKr-h1 followed by V. parahaemolyticus(AHPND) challenge increased bacterial abundance in shrimp hemolymph coupled with high shrimp mortality. Moreover, transcriptome and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that PvKr-h1 silencing followed by V. parahaemolyticus(AHPND) challenge dysregulated the expression of several antioxidant-related enzyme genes, such as Cu-Zu SOD, GPX, and GST, and antimicrobial peptide genes, i.e., CRUs and PENs, and reduced ROS activity and nuclear translocation of Relish. These data reveal that PvKr-h1 regulates shrimps’ immune response to V. parahaemolyticus(AHPND) infection by suppressing antioxidant-related enzymes, enhancing ROS production and promoting nuclei import of PvRelish to stimulate antimicrobial peptide genes expression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kruppel homolog 1 modulates ROS production and antimicrobial peptides expression in shrimp hemocytes during infection by the Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain that causes AHPND

Zheng,

Liu,

Lin

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…Microsporidia induce robust defence responses in invertebrates. The upregulation of antimicrobial peptides including lysozymes, defensins and C‐type lectins is a common response to microsporidia infection and occurs in fruit flies, beetles, silkworms, shrimp, honey bees and crabs (Desjardins et al, 2015; Ding et al, 2018; Lopez‐Ezquerra, Mitschke, Bornberg‐Bauer, & Joop, 2018; Ma et al, 2013; Ning et al, 2019; Roxström‐Lindquist, Terenius, & Faye, 2004; Sinpoo, Paxton, Disayathanoowat, Krongdang, & Chantawannakul, 2018). Several types of antimicrobial peptide have also been shown to inhibit infection by E. intestinalis , E. hellem and Anncaliia algerae (Leitch & Ceballos, 2009).…”

Section: Host Immune Mechanisms Against Microsporidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The ins and outs of host‐microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit

Jarkass

Reinke

2020

Cellular Microbiology

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Microsporidia are a large group of fungal-related obligate intracellular parasites. They are responsible for infections in humans as well as in agriculturally and environmentally important animals. Although microsporidia are abundant in nature, many of the molecular mechanisms employed during infection have remained enigmatic. In this review, we highlight recent work showing how microsporidia invade, proliferate and exit from host cells. During invasion, microsporidia use spore wall and polar tube proteins to interact with host receptors and adhere to the host cell surface. In turn, the host has multiple defence mechanisms to prevent and eliminate these infections. Microsporidia encode numerous transporters and steal host nutrients to facilitate proliferation within host cells. They also encode many secreted proteins which may modulate host metabolism and inhibit host cell defence mechanisms. Spores exit the host in a non-lytic manner that is dependent on host actin and endocytic recycling proteins. Together, this work provides a fuller picture of the mechanisms that these fascinating organisms use to infect their hosts.

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“…This type of redox interaction may explain the augmented levels of catalase seen in the current (unstressed) malathion-resistant strain. Immune responses in T. castaneum exposed to P. whitei (Lopez-Ezquerra et al, 2018) included gene upregulation involving non-ROS changes, but the authors considered this ROS generation a possibility.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress Through Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malathion-resistant Tribolium castaneum has enhanced response to oxidative stress, immunity, and fitness

Rauf

Wilkins

2021

Preprint

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Many cases of insecticide resistance in insect pests give resulting no-cost strains that retain the resistance genes even in the absence of the toxic stressor. Malathion has been widely used against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst. in stored products although no longer used. Malathion specific resistance in this pest has provided resistance that is long lasting and widely distributed. To understand this resistance a malathion resistant strain was challenged with a range of stressors including starvation, hyperoxia, malathion and a pathogen and the antioxidant responses and some lifecycle parameters were determined. Adult life span of malathion-specific resistant strain of T. castaneum was significantly shorter than the susceptible. Starvation and/or high oxygen reduced adult life span of both strains. Starving with and without 100% oxygen gave longer lifespan for the resistant strain, but for oxygen alone there was no difference. Under oxygen the proportional survival of the resistant strain to the adult stage was significantly higher, for both larvae and pupae, than the susceptible. The resistant strain when stressed with malathion and/or oxygen significantly increased catalase activity, but the susceptible did not. The resistant strain stressed with Paranosema whitei infection had significantly higher survival compared to the susceptible, and with almost no mortality. The malathion resistant strain of T. castaneum showed greater vigour than the susceptible in most oxidative stress situations and especially where stressors were combined. The induction of the antioxidant enzyme catalase could have helped the resistant strain to withstand oxidative stresses, including insecticidal and importantly those from pathogens. These adaptations, in the absence of insecticide, seem to support the increased immunity of host insects to pathogens seen in other insect species, such as mosquitoes. By increasing the responses to a range of stressors the resistant strain could be considered as having enhanced fitness.

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Tribolium castaneum gene expression changes after Paranosema whitei infection

Cited by 10 publications

References 79 publications

Kruppel homolog 1 modulates ROS production and antimicrobial peptides expression in shrimp hemocytes during infection by the Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain that causes AHPND

Kruppel homolog 1 modulates ROS production and antimicrobial peptides expression in shrimp hemocytes during infection by the Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain that causes AHPND

The ins and outs of host‐microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit

Malathion-resistant Tribolium castaneum has enhanced response to oxidative stress, immunity, and fitness

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