Triboelectric Nanogenerator Enabled Wearable Sensors and Electronics for Sustainable Internet of Things Integrated Green Earth

Abstract

as the components of the IoT network, and they will generate massive data with multidimensions, higher velocity, and improved heterogeneity. [2] Benefiting from this, our world is developing toward a smarter and more well-knit green earth, covering essential blocks like smart homes, smart agriculture, smart cities, smart industries as well as outer space and airlines. [3] In the green earth, the IoT systems are promising to be spread in every smart area, consisting of various sensing modules, signal processing modules, power management modules, power supply modules, etc. Sensing modules are applied to collect abundant information from the target objects or environment, such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, gas concentration, pressure, etc. And the signal processing modules help with the data transmission, processing, and analysis to connect and exchange information with other devices or systems to provide an optimal command to the target object or environment. In addition, the power management modules and power supply modules are to provide the most efficient solutions to reduce the overall power consumption in the operations of the IoT systems. [4][5][6] Thus, looking at the whole earth, it is to be closely connected with the IoT systems, enabling information transfer and communication over the strong network.Narrowing down to a single object like the human body, a single animal, or a robot, wearable electronics have attracted increasing research interest owing to their promising applications in real-time and precious monitoring and tracking of user's preferences and habits on the green earth. [7][8][9][10] Conventional wearable electronics involve smart watches, smart glasses, smart helmets, etc., while most of them are fabricated from nonflexible or rigid materials, resulting in limited wearable comfort, device lifetime, latency response, and loss of sensing information. [11][12][13] To address these issues, the current research focuses on the investigation of sensing materials with flexibility or even stretchability, breathability, washability, lightweight, adhesiveness, etc., enabling improved wearing comfort and long-term wearability. [14][15][16][17] Besides the wearability of the modules in the IoT system, energy issue is within wide research interest and concern as one of the urgent issues contemporarily. Batteries, as the dominant choices for power supply modules, are now revealed asThe advancement of the Internet of Things/5G infrastructure requires a lowcost ubiquitous sensory network to realize an autonomous system for information collection and processing, aiming at diversified applications ranging from healthcare, smart home, industry 4.0 to environmental monitoring. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is considered the most promising technology due to its self-powered, cost-effective, and highly customizable advantages. Through the use of wearable electronic devices, advanced TENG technology is developed as a core technology enabling self-powered sensors, power supplies, and data comm...

Applications of Graphene in Five Senses, Nervous System, and Artificial Muscles

“…Here the triboelectric nanogenerator emerges for self-powering of wearable sensors. 339,340 The sweat 341,342 and cardiovascular health 343 can be real-time monitored by wearable biosensors. Third, smart textiles may combine the transduction and therapy in one system for personalized healthcare.…”

“…Contact lenses have been integrated with electronic sensors for health monitoring. Here the triboelectric nanogenerator emerges for self-powering of wearable sensors. , The sweat , and cardiovascular health can be real-time monitored by wearable biosensors.…”

Intelligent Cubic-Designed Piezoelectric Node (iCUPE) with Simultaneous Sensing and Energy Harvesting Ability toward Self-Sustained Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT)

“…The artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) concept is shaping the future of smart society. To establish a smart and eco-society, the massive distribution of sensor nodes is gradually becoming an essential requirement for enabling the seamlessly communicated sensory network. , Owing to the revolution of various sensing technologies, the highly integrated monitoring system not only assists us to obtain comprehensive information from diverse environments but also offers the inspection and manipulation functions to the industrial production, transportation, and smart home applications, etc ., as shown in Figure a. Current research has presented many multifunctional sensory systems with compact size.…”

Fractal structured charge-excitation triboelectric nanogenerators for powering portable electronic devices

“…19 It adopts the mechanism of Maxwell's displacement current and exhibits the merits of low cost, 20,21 easy to fabricate, 22 diverse material selection, 23 and wide application range. 24 It can be applied in the fields of wearable devices, 25 smart homes, 26 and memory of electronic equipment, 27 etc . In order to enhance the charge density of tribo-surfaces for improving the power output of TENG toward practical applications, considerable efforts have been made through various approaches, such as material modification, 2 surface structuring, 28 charge pumping, 29,30 charge shuttling, 31 self-charge excitation, 32,33 mechanical switch adjustment, 34 and multi-switch operation.…”