Tribocorrosion Response of Surface-Modified Ti in a 0.9% NaCl Solution

Bailey, Richard

doi:10.3390/lubricants6040086

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…1b confirmed that the oxide layer at the surface was rutile TiO 2 , and the ⍺-phase peaks from the oxygen diffusion zone were all shifted towards lower diffraction angles, due to the dissolution of oxygen in the HCP lattice, leading to lattice expansion [34]. Such structural features of TO treated titanium have been reported by many investigators [16,21,35]. Due to the formation of the oxide layer and the oxygen diffusion zone, the surface hardness of CP-Ti was significantly increased, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Structural Characterization Of To Specimensupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Among many surface engineering techniques, thermal oxidation (TO) has proven a cost-effective and efficient technique to engineer the surfaces of titanium and its alloys to improve their surface properties [5,8,9], including tribological properties [5,[9][10][11][12], corrosion resistance [11,13,14], tribocorrosion properties [15,16], and biotribological properties [17,18]. TO treatments are normally carried out at temperatures between 550 ℃ and 900 ℃ for various durations, ranging from less than 1 h to 100 h. Due to titanium's high affinity with oxygen and its ability to dissolve a large amount of oxygen in its crystal lattice, TO results in the formation of a TiO 2 oxide layer at the surface and an oxygen diffusion zone at the subsurface [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tribological properties of TO treated Ti and its alloys have been studied by many investigators under various environmental conditions, including dry [10,12,21,25], oil lubrication [9,11], corrosive solutions [15][16][17][18], and high temperatures [22,26,27]. Most of the reported work were conducted between a TO treated titanium specimen and a counter-body made of other materials, such as a ceramic, a steel and a polymer counter-body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of thermal oxidation on the dry sliding friction and wear behaviour of CP-Ti on CP-Ti tribopairs

Sun,

Bailey,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Surf. Sci. Tech.

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Thermal oxidation (TO) has proven to be a cost-effective and efficient technique to engineer the surfaces of titanium and its alloys to achieve enhanced surface properties. The benefits of TO treatment in enhancing the tribological properties of titanium have been demonstrated by many investigators. However, most of the reported tribological studies have been based on the contact between a TO treated titanium specimen and a counter-body made of other materials, mainly ceramics, steels and polymers. Very few studies have been reported on the friction and wear behaviour of TO treated titanium sliding against TO treated titanium. In this work, the effect of thermal oxidation on the dry sliding friction and wear behaviour of commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti) on CP-Ti tribopairs was investigated under loading conditions ranging from elastic contact to plastic contact. Comparisons were made among three contact pairs: (1) untreated Ti on untreated Ti (Ti–Ti), (2) untreated Ti on TO treated Ti (Ti-TO) and (3) TO treated Ti on TO treated Ti (TO-TO). The results show that the TO-TO contact pair presents an ideal material combination to achieve the best tribological performance in terms of low friction and superior wear resistance. On the other hand, the Ti–Ti pair presents the worst combination in terms of tribological performance. While the Ti-TO pair performs better than the Ti–Ti pair tribologically, it is not as good as the TO-TO pair. It is essential to thermally oxidize both specimens in order to achieve optimal tribological performance. It is the oxide layer-on-oxide layer contact that imparts the excellent tribological performance. Failure of the oxide layer in one of the contact bodies can lead to high and unstable friction and increased wear from both contacting bodies. The tribological performance of the three contact pairs and the failure mechanism of the oxide layer are discussed in the paper. The results of this work suggest that the TO treated Ti on TO treated Ti contact pair would have potential tribological applications in engineering.

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Section: Structural Characterization Of To Specimensupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of thermal oxidation on the dry sliding friction and wear behaviour of CP-Ti on CP-Ti tribopairs

Sun,

Bailey,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Surf. Sci. Tech.

Self Cite

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“…Researchers already have applied several techniques like ion implantation [38], nitriding and carburizing [39] and especially thermal oxidation [2,3,[40][41][42][43], in order to introduce interstitial elements like oxygen or nitrogen into the titanium lattice. Again, the tribological enhancing mechanism repeatedly mentioned was the restriction of plastic deformation.…”

Section: Influence Of Oxygen and Nitrogen Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological behavior of nanosecond-laser surface textured Ti6Al4V

Kümmel

Hamann-Schroer

Hetzner

et al. 2019

Wear

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Titanium alloys are used due to their high specific strength and remarkable corrosion resistance. Their wear resistance however is poor, which in this paper is counteracted by laser surface texturing. Linear textures were created by the use of a nanosecond-pulsed laser, accompanied by melt bulges of resolidified material on the sides. Packing density, finishing procedure and atmosphere during laser texturing were varied between the experiments. Melt bulges lasered in air turned out to be tribologically beneficial in grease-lubricated sliding contact, reducing wear volume on Ti6Al4V significantly by up to a factor of 160, if a packing density of 5% or more was chosen. Further investigations of melt bulges with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) revealed an increased content in interstitial oxygen and nitrogen and a purely martensitic α'-phase microstructure. Critical limitation of plastic deformation and a saturation of electronic bonds of the titanium atoms by interstitial elements is thought to be responsible for the reduction in adhesive tendency and therefore the pronounced decrease in wear.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] These methods can improve hardness, corrosion resistance, friction properties, and chemical stabilities. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Consequently, the treatment improves machine efficiency and lifetime. [17][18][19] However, it is well known that friction loss is still estimated to be up to 30% in passenger cars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a new diamond-like carbon surface treatment method with electric discharge for short running-in and friction reduction

Murashima

Maeda

Deng

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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The present paper proposes a new treatment method for diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings using electric discharge. DLC coatings exhibit excellent mechanical and tribological properties due to their unique carbonaceous structure. Several surface treatment methods were presented to achieve short running-in and low friction. However, in-situ surface treatment is needed to extend the life of machines and maintain their performance. Here, we propose an electric discharge treatment with a simple electrical circuit. As a result, the friction coefficient drastically drops from 0.3 to 0.11. Interestingly, the drop starts shortly after the discharge starts. Consequently, the running-in is shortened to about 6-m sliding compared to no discharge condition, which does not show any running-in more than 68-m sliding. Raman analysis reveals that a transfer layer on the ball surface is composed of carbonaceous material and the structure exhibits graphite-like characteristics. However, there is visible damage on the DLC surface. Another friction test shows a very low friction coefficient of 0.04 using a transfer layer-covered ball and a new DLC disk with a smooth surface. In conclusion, the combination of a transfer layer and smooth DLC surface is needed to exhibit excellent tribological performance, indicating the importance of less damage treatment. Next, pulse discharge treatment is demonstrated to achieve less damage to the DLC coating. As a result, the pulse discharge method reduces friction and surface damage. In conclusion, the proposed treatment methods using electric discharge not only show the potential for reducing friction, but also the feasibility of in-situ treatment during machine operation.

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Tribocorrosion Response of Surface-Modified Ti in a 0.9% NaCl Solution

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of thermal oxidation on the dry sliding friction and wear behaviour of CP-Ti on CP-Ti tribopairs

Effect of thermal oxidation on the dry sliding friction and wear behaviour of CP-Ti on CP-Ti tribopairs

Tribological behavior of nanosecond-laser surface textured Ti6Al4V

Development of a new diamond-like carbon surface treatment method with electric discharge for short running-in and friction reduction

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