Abstract:The composite materials are fabricated by combining various ingredients to make higher material properties as required by various industries. The primary classification of composites is based on their build ingredients, such as binder, fibre, reinforcement and fillers. The characteristics of individual ingredients influenced the properties of composites. Further, friction materials are those composite materials efficiently used in vehicles' braking.Researchers have tried the various formulations of friction ma… Show more
“…Therefore, the materials used for brake pads are categorised as friction materials. The desired characteristics of the material being considered for brake pads are summarised as follows [48]: Although it is almost impossible to achieve no wear at a desired optimum friction, gradual efforts to minimise wear at optimum friction have been observed in recent years [49,50]. The asbestos and copper brake pads have covered the largest market.…”
Section: Brake Padsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the materials used for brake pads are categorised as friction materials. The desired characteristics of the material being considered for brake pads are summarised as follows [48]: ○ High friction coefficient○ Low thermal conductivity, further minimum sensitivity of friction behaviour to temperature variation.○ High resistance to wear under different environmental conditions○ High mechanical strength○ Resistance to water absorption○ Low density○ Resistance to heat fade○ Recovery from fade○ It should cause less damage to contact materials Figure 5 Brake pad and Disc assembly [59]. Figure 6 Elements of brake pad [60].…”
Brake pads are vital parts of automobiles, where tribological properties are prime concern. Usually, asbestos brake pads were used, which were replaced by copper-based in later years. As brake lining materials have evolved, synthetic friction composites were explored as alternatives. Recent works suggest that, natural composites are promising friction material. However, poor thermal conductivity and frictional stability have limited their applications. Surface treatment of fibers and addition of secondary fillers have improved their possibilities. Thus, hybridization of reinforcements has expanded their range of applications. The present article attempts to review various aspects of brake pads and their testing with attention on natural composites. Their properties were studied to conform their ability to meet desired requirements. The article reviews the studies conducted in recent years on various materials properties related to brake pads. The future potential of natural components in the development of friction composite materials for automotive applications is highlighted.
“…Therefore, the materials used for brake pads are categorised as friction materials. The desired characteristics of the material being considered for brake pads are summarised as follows [48]: Although it is almost impossible to achieve no wear at a desired optimum friction, gradual efforts to minimise wear at optimum friction have been observed in recent years [49,50]. The asbestos and copper brake pads have covered the largest market.…”
Section: Brake Padsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the materials used for brake pads are categorised as friction materials. The desired characteristics of the material being considered for brake pads are summarised as follows [48]: ○ High friction coefficient○ Low thermal conductivity, further minimum sensitivity of friction behaviour to temperature variation.○ High resistance to wear under different environmental conditions○ High mechanical strength○ Resistance to water absorption○ Low density○ Resistance to heat fade○ Recovery from fade○ It should cause less damage to contact materials Figure 5 Brake pad and Disc assembly [59]. Figure 6 Elements of brake pad [60].…”
Brake pads are vital parts of automobiles, where tribological properties are prime concern. Usually, asbestos brake pads were used, which were replaced by copper-based in later years. As brake lining materials have evolved, synthetic friction composites were explored as alternatives. Recent works suggest that, natural composites are promising friction material. However, poor thermal conductivity and frictional stability have limited their applications. Surface treatment of fibers and addition of secondary fillers have improved their possibilities. Thus, hybridization of reinforcements has expanded their range of applications. The present article attempts to review various aspects of brake pads and their testing with attention on natural composites. Their properties were studied to conform their ability to meet desired requirements. The article reviews the studies conducted in recent years on various materials properties related to brake pads. The future potential of natural components in the development of friction composite materials for automotive applications is highlighted.
“…For this reason, composite materials are the most widely used friction materials because they guarantee high mechanical properties due to their multicomponent structure. In fact, the characteristics of the individual ingredients of composite materials, such as binders, fibers, reinforcements, and fillers, influence the mechanical and tribological properties of the friction interfaces, so researchers have tried various formulations to test their impact on the tribological performance of brakes [20]. For electromagnetic brakes, the most widely used friction pads are metallic or semi-metallic, non-asbestos organic (NAO), Metal Matrix Composite (MMC), and ceramic or carboncarbon [21].…”
This paper is focused on the experimental wear characterization of an electromagnetic braking system used for helicopters. The characterization was performed through the evaluation of some monitoring parameters during endurance tests on a test bench and through the visual analysis of the worn surfaces after the tests. The monitoring parameters were the engagement threshold voltage, the release threshold voltage, the inductance, and the braking torque, which are directly correlated with the wear progress. The visual analysis allowed the assessment of the wear extent and the distribution of wear particles at the interfaces. The test performed on the initial base configuration, having ten springs and carbon fibers as friction materials, demonstrated that the braking system had insufficient durability in terms of actuation cycles. The results allowed the design of two new configurations based on different brake architectures and on different friction pairs. One of the new configurations was based on a reduction in the number of springs (eight-spring configuration), and the second one was based on the employment of a different friction material (NAO configuration). Both of these optimized configurations showed enhanced durability and wear resistance, but only the second one showed sufficient durability with respect to the requirements and was defined as acceptable. The final results showed a durability of 3000 actuation cycles for the base configuration, 4385 for the eight-spring configuration, and 35,223 for the NAO configuration. Nevertheless, the analysis of results allowed the cause of the wear phenomena to be studied and eventual further improvements in the system to be suggested.
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