Tribal Relationships in Onagraceae: Implications from rbcL Sequence Data

Abstract

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Molecular phylogeny, divergence time estimates, and historical biogeography of Circaea (Onagraceae) in the Northern Hemisphere

“…Recent phylogenetic studies of Onagraceae show that Fuchsia is sister to Circaea, and Hauya is sister to the Circaea-Fuchsia clade or alternatively sister to the rest of the family except for Ludwigia L. (Bult and Zimmer, 1993;Conti et al, 1993;Ford and Gottlieb, 2007;Levin et al, 2003Levin et al, , 2004Sytsma et al, 2004;Wagner et al, 2007). Because one of the main aims of this study is to reconstruct the ancestral area of Circaea, the sampling of its sister group Fuchsia needs to be broad.…”

“…The sister group of Circaea has been suggested to be Fuchsia by recent molecular studies of Onagraceae (Bult and Zimmer, 1993;Conti et al, 1993;Ford and Gottlieb, 2007;Levin et al, 2003Levin et al, , 2004Sytsma et al, 2004). In contrast to the herbaceous, circumboreal Circaea, the 107 species of Fuchsia are shrubs, trees, lianas, or epiphytes distributed primarily in Central and South America, especially in the tropical Andes, with two species in New Zealand and one on the Pacific island of Tahiti (Berry et al, 2004;Wagner et al, 2007).…”

Embryology of Onagraceae (Myrtales): characteristics, variation and relationships

“…Ludwigia now appears unambiguously to be a sister group to the remainder of the family, particularly on the basis of evidence from floral morphology and anatomy (Eyde 1981;Hoch et al 1993) and from molecular analyses of both ribosomal DNA (Bult & Zimmer 1993) and chloroplast rbcL data (Conti, Fischbach & Sytsma 1993). For example, Ludwigia has floral nectaries on the gynoecium, instead of at the gynoecium and floral tube junction as in all other genera, and both central and transseptal bundles for ovule supply, instead of only transseptal bundles as in all other genera (Eyde 1981 (Tobe & Raven 1985), and also shares with Calylophus, Gaura and Clarkia the apparent apomorphy of microsporogenous tissue divided by septa composed of parenchyma and tapetum into many small packets (Tobe & Raven 1986a).…”

“…However, several molecular analyses using both nuclear (Crisci et al 1990;Bult & Zimmer 1993) and chloroplast DNA (Sytsma, Smith & Hoch 1991;Conti, Fischbach & Sytsma 1993), contradict this placement of Hauya near Onagreae, instead supporting a close relationship of Hauya to Fuchsia and Circaea. Ongoing molecular analyses that include all relevant taxa and 'total-evidence' analysis of the studies already available may resolve this controversy, and provide a robust hypothesis within which to interpret the evolution of these embryological characters.…”

“…Leaf, wood and floral anatomy have been studied extensively; chromosome numbers are known for most taxa and chromosome morphology for all major groups; and breeding systems and pollinators, flavonoids and palynology have been investigated for much of the family (see Raven 1988;Boch et al 1993). Recent molecular analyses of relationships in the family, summarized in Conti, Fischbach & Sytsma (1993), while not entirely consistent with one another, nevertheless have provided phylogenetic models within which to examine comparative data from other sources.…”