Tribal Interrelationships of the Asteraceae

Abstract

A cladistic analysis involving 27 tribes and subtribes of Asteraceae and 81 characters is presented. The terminal taxa are mainly those of present tribal classification, though some apparently poly-and paraphyletic tribes, notably the Mutisieae and the Inuleae, have been represented by subtribal taxa. Characters are assembled from all available sources. Corolla types, styles and stamens have provided many characters. The Lobeliaceae are used as an outgroup and are considered as the most probable sister group of the Asteraceae. There is a basal dichotomy in the family, the Mutisieae-Barnadesiinae being the monophyletic sister group of the remaining major, also monophyletic part of the family. The recent family division into two subfamilies about equal in size, the Cichorioideae and the Asteroideae, neither represents a basal dichotomy nor a sister group relationship within the Asteraceae. The Asteroideae are monophyletic and have their sister group within the paraphyletic Cichorioideae. Interrelationships among the cichorioid tribes are still unclear. The Lactuceae, Eremothamneae, Vernonieae and Liabeae may be one monophyletic group, and the Arctoteae, Carlineae, Echinopsideae and Cardueae another. The Mutisieae are a paraphyletic grade at the base of the family. Within the subfamily Asteroideae tribal interrelationships are also rather unclear. The Anthemideae and the Heliantheae sensu lato (including the Helenieae, Tageteae, Coreopsideae and all helenioid/helianthoid representatives sometimes placed in the Senecioneae) may be sister groups. The Heliantheae appear to be monophyletic and there is little support for the hypothesis that other tribes are derived from or have their sister group within the Heliantheae. The Astereae and the Eupatorieae may be sister groups, though a doser relationship between the Eupatorieae and the Heliantheae is possible. The Inuleae are a paraphyletic grade group at the base of the subfamily Asteroideae in the same way as the Mutiseae are a grade group at the base of the family.

Pollen morphology and classification of theVernonieae(Compositae)

“…This tribe with non-caveate, Anthemoid pollen is clearly grouped with the other derived tribes with caveate or Helianthoid-Senecioid pollen in the cpDNA-based phylogeny. Because other morphological evidence also supports the inclusion of the Anthemideae as a derived taxon within the Asteroideae (Bremer, 1987), the similarity in pollen ultrastructure between this tribe and the Cichorioideae is most likely a homoplaisious character. The homoplaisy might be the result of either a reversal to the pleisiomorphic state or a convergent, parallel development of a similar exine pattern.…”

Propriedades físicoquímicas e avaliação da toxicidade aguda do extrato etanólico padronizado a 70% das folhas de Mikania glomerata (Asteraceae)

“…Essa espécie é conhecida popularmente por diversos nomes dentre eles guaco, guaco trepador, guaco-de-cheiro, guaco liso, erva de cobra, cipó catinga e coração de Jesus (Celeghini et al, 2001). Asteraceae é uma das maiores famílias das Angiospermas, com aproximadamente 1535 gêneros e 23.000 espécies (Bremer, 1994). O gênero Mikania Willd.…”

Kaurene diterpenes and other chemical constituents from Mikania stipulacea (M. Vahl) willd

“…The tribe Eupatorieae forms the major part of the Asteraceae family and comprises nearly 2,400 species 1,2 . Mikania Willd is the only genus in the sub-tribe Mikaniinae of Eupatorieae.…”