Triazole‐Modified Molybdenum Oxide with High Proton Conductivity

Li, Zhuo; Lü, Ying; Zhang, Shan; Sun, Xiuwei; Dang, Tian‐Yi; Zhang, Zhong; Tian, Hong‐Rui; Liu, Shuxia

doi:10.1002/slct.202003054

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Zhou Li and coauthors 83 (2) were synthesized, and the proton conductivity was studied at different RHs. Compound 1 showed proton conductivities of 7.19 × 10 −7 S/cm at 60% RH and 1.68 mS/cm at 95% RH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating Excellence: A Comprehensive Review on the Versatile Potential of High-Performance N-Heterocyclic Triazole as an Electrolyte for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Sudhakaran,

Sivasubramanian,

Moorthy

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a highly efficient energy producing device that stands as a novel approach to sort out the energy demand faced by the world. The proton exchange membrane plays a significant role for the function of PEMFCs. Possessing dual functional behavior for ease of proton transfer which other aromatic polymers fail to own naturally has made the triazole moiety a unique PEM material. The material’s elevated self-dissociation capability, facilitating proton conduction, coupled with its high dielectric constant led to an increased demand for its application, highlighting its significance in various usage scenarios. For instance, by self-diffusion, 1H-1,2,3-triazole and 1H-1,2,4-triazole materials exhibited conductivities of 1.3 × 10–4 and 1.5 × 10–4 S/cm, respectively, in their pure forms. Various research groups utilize the triazole molecule as an ionic cross-linker, as a source for the introduction of functional groups, and as a dopant that eventually increases the proton conductivity. This review focuses on the advantages and different proton conduction processes that have been carried out in triazole materials like 1H-1,2,3-triazole, 1H-1,2,4-triazole, poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole), and the new originating sulfonated polytriazole.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating Excellence: A Comprehensive Review on the Versatile Potential of High-Performance N-Heterocyclic Triazole as an Electrolyte for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Sudhakaran,

Sivasubramanian,

Moorthy

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…In a previous study conducted by Liu et al, the proton-conducting capabilities of triazolemodified α-MoO 3 were investigated. 50 Another prior investigation conducted by Whittingham examined the proton conduction properties of h-MoO 3 after acid treatment, which involved a preliminary analysis and focused on comparing the movement of hydrogen within various oxides. 51 In the current study, compound 1 demonstrates a significant level of proton conduction, reaching a value of 4.9 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at a temperature of 55 °C under a relative humidity of 98%.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exploration of the proton-conducting characteristics of molybdenum oxide polymorphs is rather limited. In a previous study conducted by Liu et al, the proton-conducting capabilities of triazole-modified α-MoO 3 were investigated . Another prior investigation conducted by Whittingham examined the proton conduction properties of h -MoO 3 after acid treatment, which involved a preliminary analysis and focused on comparing the movement of hydrogen within various oxides .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexagonal Mo Bronze: Single Crystal Structures, Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution, and Proton Conductivity

Premanand,

Jana,

Unnikrishnan

et al. 2024

Inorg. Chem.

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Molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) is a well-known transition metal oxide that has drawn much attention as a functional material having numerous applications. However, a vast majority of studies have primarily focused on α-MoO 3 , the thermodynamically stable polymorph of MoO 3 . This present work encompasses the synthesis of single crystals of two metastable hexagonal MoO 3 described by the formulas {Mn 0.03 Na 0.01 } @ [ M o 0 . 9 3(2), their comprehensive structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and routine spectral and microscopic studies. Interestingly, compound 1 acts as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as well as an effective proton conductor in comparison to the performance of compound 2. The HER activity of compound 1 is characterized by an overpotential of 340 mV@1 mA cm −2 and a low Tafel slope of 75 mV/decade. The catalyst (compound 1) displays a Faradaic efficiency of 88% with a turnover frequency of 2.9 s −1 . The proton conductivity value of this compound (1) is determined to be 4.9 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at 55 °C under 98% relative humidity; the relevant proton conduction is operated by the Grotthuss mechanism with an activation energy of 0.17 eV.

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“…Studies of the mechanism of proton conduction have shown that transport resources and the mechanism of Grotthuss prevail in the transfer of protons. 48 Polymeric N-heterocycles are often used to form mixed acid-base ion exchange membranes. The most common approach to the formation of acid-base membranes comprises the doping of polymers bearing the basic groups with mineral acids, sulfuric, or phosphoric.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triazole‐modified molybdenum oxide showed proton conductivity that depending on temperature and humidity, can reach 1.94·10 −2 S/cm (85°C, 95% relative humidity). Studies of the mechanism of proton conduction have shown that transport resources and the mechanism of Grotthuss prevail in the transfer of protons 48 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of new proton‐exchange membranes based on poly‐1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole doped with phenol‐2,4‐disulfonic acid

Лебедева

Pozhidaev

Raskulova

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (PVT) was synthesized in isolated yield by free radical polymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole. The number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of the synthesized PVT, determined by gel permeation chromatography, was 88 567 and 153 309 Da, respectively. PVT had a unimodal molecular weight distribution with a polydispersity coefficient of 1.7. Mixing PVT with phenol-2,4-disulfonic acid (PDSA) in the presence of a polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked with oxalic acid produces proton exchange membranes having different PVT:PDSA ratios. The composition and structure of the membranes were established by elemental analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). FT-IR and 15 N NMR studies have shown that the interaction of PVT with PDSA was accompanied by the formation of acid-base complexes due to proton transfer from PDSA to the triazole rings of PVT. Formation of acid-base complexes PVT-PDSA additionally stabilizes membranes and increases their thermal stability. The SEM study showed that the membrane surface was homogeneous. The properties of membranes, such as thermal and oxidative stability, ion-exchange capacity, proton conductivity, water uptake, and their mechanical properties, have been studied. The commercial membrane Nafion 212 was used as a comparison. The proton conductivity of membranes increases with an increase in the content of PDSA in their composition and for membranes 1-3 was 59.80, 7.30, 6.23 mS/cm, respectively. The activation energies for proton transfer across the membranes were 19.5, 21.6, and 38.2 kJ/mol for the membranes 1-3, respectively. Water uptake, ion-exchange capacity, and proton conductivity depend on the content of PDSA in the membrane. The membranes obtained were tested in a test cell of an ElectroChem hydrogen fuel cell (USA) at a temperature of 25 C with the supply of humidified hydrogen and air.

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Triazole‐Modified Molybdenum Oxide with High Proton Conductivity

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Navigating Excellence: A Comprehensive Review on the Versatile Potential of High-Performance N-Heterocyclic Triazole as an Electrolyte for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Navigating Excellence: A Comprehensive Review on the Versatile Potential of High-Performance N-Heterocyclic Triazole as an Electrolyte for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Hexagonal Mo Bronze: Single Crystal Structures, Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution, and Proton Conductivity

Synthesis and characterization of new proton‐exchange membranes based on poly‐1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole doped with phenol‐2,4‐disulfonic acid

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