Triazole derivatives as potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors: Design, enzyme inhibition potential, and docking studies

Abstract

Considerable ingenuity has been shown in the recent years in the discovery of novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors that fall outside the purine scaffold. The triazole nucleus has been the cornerstone for the development of many enzyme inhibitors for the clinical management of several diseases, where hyperuricemia is one of them. Here, we give a critical overview of significant research on triazole‐based XO inhibitors, with respect to their design, synthesis, inhibition potential, toxicity, and docking studies, done till now. Based on these literature findings, we can expect a burst of modifications on triazole‐based scaffolds in the near future by targeting XO, which will treat hyperuricemics, that is, painful conditions like gout that at present are hard to deal with.

Heterocyclic compounds as xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the management of hyperuricemia: synthetic strategies, structure–activity relationship and molecular docking studies (2018–2024)

“…Because of their interactions with the active site of the enzyme and their structural features, these molecules show great promise as XO inhibitors. The XO inhibitory characteristics of several nitrogen-containing heterocycle that are included in paper are triazoles, 61 pyrazoles, quinolines, isoquinolines, imidazoles, pyridine, naphthamides and thiazoles. 62 In the recent past, there has been a rigorous and comprehensive review conducted on xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, signifying a period of heightened scrutiny and critical evaluation.…”