Triaxial Testing of Marine Sediments with High Gas Contents

Rau, Gretchen; Chaney, Ronald C.

doi:10.1520/stp29085s

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Using the mixture theory approach and assuming that the bulk modulus of the snow mixture is related in a similar fashion to parallel resistors, the effective bulk modulus is calculated using the theory of Rau and Chaney (). The bulk modulus of water is calculated from the Newton–Laplace equation (Raichel, ) that is used in acoustics to determine the speed of sound in water given the water density ρ w .…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

SAS2: the system for acoustic sensing of snow

Kinar

Pomeroy

2015

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:A novel electronic sensing system (SAS2) was designed to non-invasively and simultaneously measure snow density, liquid water content, and temperature of snow using acoustics and obtain images of the snowpack. The system is an updated and more sophisticated version of previous acoustic sensing systems, and this paper presents an update on the development of acoustic sensing methods to measure multiple snowpack properties and obtain images of snowpack stratigraphy. Air-coupled acoustic waves were sent into and reflected from the snowpack by the SAS2 system. An inverse model based on a modified version of the Biot-Stoll theory of sound propagation through porous media was used to obtain acoustic measurements of snow and images of the snowpack. The SAS2 was deployed at ten field sites in the Canadian Rockies. Stationary and portable versions of the system were deployed and tested. This paper reports initial tests of the SAS2 that were conducted at the field sites to compare acoustic model outputs with gravimetric measurements of snow density, dielectric measurements of liquid water content, and thermocouple and thermometer measurements of snow temperature. Snow water equivalent could be estimated more accurately and quickly with the SAS2 than with an ESC30 gravimetric snow tube. Unlike monopulse sonar and radar sensors, the SAS2 utilizes a continuous-wave Maximum Length Sequence (MLS) that is more robust to environmental noise. The SAS2 serves as a proof-of-concept of the acoustic snow measurement technique with potential for further research as identified and discussed in this paper.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

SAS2: the system for acoustic sensing of snow

Kinar

Pomeroy

2015

Hydrological Processes

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“…When air/gas is in the form of occluded bubbles, the gas bubbles and pore water behave like a homogeneous compressible fluid, and the surface tension effect becomes inconsiderable. Several relationships have been introduced in the literature to evaluate the compressibility of the fluid phase [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, the most used relationship is one proposed by Fredlund [19].…”

Section: Equivalent Compressibility and Effects Of Air/gas Bubbles On...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure20. Comparisons between experimental data and liquefaction resistance curves simulated with the energetic approach[33,69].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Partial Saturation: From Mechanical Principles to Engineering Design of an Innovative and Eco-Friendly Countermeasure against Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction

Mele,

Lirer,

Flora

2024

Geosciences

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Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction is a catastrophic phenomenon that can damage existing building foundations and other structures, resulting in significant economic losses. Traditional mitigation techniques against liquefaction present critical aspects, such as high construction costs, impact on surrounding infrastructure and effects on the surrounding environment. Therefore, research is ongoing in order to develop new approaches and technologies suitable to mitigate liquefaction risk. Among the innovative countermeasures against liquefaction, Induced Partial Saturation (IPS) is considered one of the most promising technologies. It consists of introducing gas/air bubbles into the pore water of sandy soils in order to increase the compressibility of the fluid phase and then enhance liquefaction resistance. IPS is economical, eco-friendly and suitable for urbanised areas, where the need to reduce the risk of liquefaction must be addressed, taking into account the integrity of existing buildings. However, IPS is still far from being a routine technology since more aspects should be better understood. The main aim of this review is to raise some important questions and encourage further research and discussions on this topic. The review first analyses and discusses the effects of air/gas bubbles on the cyclic behaviour of sandy soils, focusing on the soil volume element scale and then extending the considerations to the real scale. The use of useful design charts is also described. Moreover, a section will be devoted to the effect of IPS under shallow foundations. The readers will fully understand the research trend of IPS liquefaction mitigation and will be encouraged to further explore new practical aspects to overcome the application difficulties and contribute to spreading the use of this technology.

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Stability of Earth Slopes

Fang

Mikroudis²

1991

Foundation Engineering Handbook

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Triaxial Testing of Marine Sediments with High Gas Contents

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

SAS2: the system for acoustic sensing of snow

SAS2: the system for acoustic sensing of snow

Induced Partial Saturation: From Mechanical Principles to Engineering Design of an Innovative and Eco-Friendly Countermeasure against Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction

Stability of Earth Slopes

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