Triatoma williami in intradomiciliary environments of urban areas in Mato Grosso State, Brazil: domiciliation process of a wild species?

Abstract

Background Triatomines in Latin America are natural Chagas disease (ChD) vectors. Triatomine domiciliation is one of the main factors increasing the occurrence risk of this disease in humans. There are 66 triatomine species in Brazil, with three genera of significant epidemiological importance—Panstrongylus, Rhodnius, and Triatoma. Among the Triatoma species, Triatoma williami, a wild species, has been reported in Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul. In the Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, the invasion by triatomines has been reported, with T. williami being the most common species. This study aimed to survey triatomine fauna and determine the Trypanosoma cruzi natural infection rates in triatomines in the urban area of Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods Triatomine specimens were sampled by passive surveillance or active search by agents combating endemic diseases from 2019 to 2020. A parasitological feces diagnosis was performed to detect the presence of T. cruzi after the specimens were identified. Concerning T. cruzi identification, molecular diagnosis and genetic sequencing were performed to determine the strain, also called discrete typing units (DTUs). Results The 211 triatomines were collected, distributed in specimens of T. williami (84.4%), P. geniculatus (3.3%), P. diasi (1.4%), and R. neglectus (10.9%). Two colonies of T. williami were found through morphological analyses. These insects were sampled inside domiciles in an urban area neighboring Jardim Pitaluga (15° 51′57.7″ N, 052° 16′ 04.5 E). The records were sampled in September 2019 and January 2021. The rate of natural infection by T. cruzi was 39.4%. Two T. williami specimens from the sampled colonies were positive for the T. cruzi strain DTU IV. Conclusions This is the first time that T. williami has been confirmed in an urban area of Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Further studies are needed for a clearer understanding of the ecology of this species for prevention and control mechanisms since its sampled specimens had a high rate of natural infection by T. cruzi. Graphical Abstract

Triatoma pallidipennis (Stål, 1872) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and its potential for infestation in Tecozautla, Hidalgo state, Mexico

“…The presence of T. pallidipennis in dwellings near the hillside may indicate the wild origin of the species. The human demographic shift is partially responsible for the triatomine invasion of the peridomicile and domicile habitats, offering a new and accessible food source to the species that favors their establishment (Martins et al 2022).…”

Fauna Triatomínica Do Estado Do Amazonas: Espécies E Distribuição Geográfica

“…No Brasil, além do estado do Amazonas, já foi registrada no Acre, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo,Tocantins (LEITE; SANTOS; FALQUETO, 2007;SILVA et al, 2016), Sergipe e Alagoas (OLIVEIRA et al, 2024). São encontrados em tocas de tatus e pacas, em cavernas, sob cascas de árvores, próximos a ninhos de aves, em várias espécies de palmeiras e associados a porcos nos peridomicílios (CARCAVALLO et al 1998;VALENTE, 1999;TERRASSINI;OLIVEIRA, 2022). É comum a invasão do domicílio por adultos, muitas vezes infectados pelo T. cruzi…”

“…Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida, Tripanosomatidae), is endemic in 21 countries in Latin America. It is one of ( MARTINS et al, 2022;.…”

Triatoma guazu Lent and Wygodzinsky Is a Junior Synonym of Triatoma williami Galvão, Souza and Lima

“…Triatoma williami Galvão, Souza, and Lima, 1965 was described based on specimens from the municipality of Piranhas, Goiás state, in honor of Dr. William Barbosa for his efforts to create a research institute in the region (Instituto de Patologia Tropical) [ 9 ]. This species also occurs in other states of the Cerrado, the tropical savanna ecoregion located in central-west Brazil, such as Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul [ 7 , 9 , 10 ]. Recently, Martins et al [ 10 ] found, for the first time, domiciliary colonies of T. williami in an urban area of Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.…”

“…This species also occurs in other states of the Cerrado, the tropical savanna ecoregion located in central-west Brazil, such as Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul [ 7 , 9 , 10 ]. Recently, Martins et al [ 10 ] found, for the first time, domiciliary colonies of T. williami in an urban area of Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Its original description is short and poorly detailed, highlighting the black spots on intersegmental sutures in the dorsal connexivum, similar to Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) and Triatoma guasayana Wygodzinsky and Abalos, 1949 [ 9 , 11 , 12 ].…”