Triassic-Jurassic Flora of Poland; Floristical Support of Climatic Changes

Abstract

Plant macroremains from five boreholes in Poland were studied. Two of them (Huta OP-1 and Studzianna) from the northern margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, yielded several taxa. In the other three boreholes determinable fos-sil plants were sporadic, albeit important. Most of the taxa from the Huta OP-1 and Studzianna boreholes are typi-cal of the European Early Jurassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian). Both localities, although close to one another, show incertae sedis, Desmiophyllum harrisii phytes and conifers (a new species incertae sedis, Desmiophyllum harrisii Barbacka et Pacyna is herein proposed), which would suggest rather wet and warm conditions. This flora is typical of the European Province of the Euro-Sinian Region. In Studzianna the Siberian elements dominate, gymnosperms, mainly Czekanowskiales, which in-dicate a drier and colder environment. The palaeobotanical data correspond to the results of clay mineral studies, in particular the kaolinite/illite ratio in the source formations. The kaolinite content confirms a decrease in temperature and a reduction in rainfall in the late Early Hettangian and the latest Hettangian in the area.

New data about Matonia braunii (Göppert) Harris from the Early Jurassic of Poland and its ecology

“…or with deltaic depositional sys tems in coastal set tings (Szewna, DŸwiertnia, Chlewiska, Jêdrzejowice, Chmielów -Holy Cross Mts. ; Siewierz and Zawiercie -Up per Silesia) (Pieñkowski, 2004;Barbacka et al, 2010Barbacka et al, , 2014a. This ac cords with gen eral ten den cies in fern en vi ron men tal pref er ences, since in the Early Ju ras sic of Eu rope, ferns were most di verse in al lu vial and deltaic en vi ron ments (Barbacka et al, 2014b).…”

“…(Gromadzice, Szewna, Chlewiska, DŸwiertnia, Jêdrzejów and Chmielów) and also from Up per Silesia (Siewierz and Zawier cie), and P. muensteri Schenk, 1867 (Hirmer andHörhammer, 1936) from the Holy Cross Mts. (DŸwiertnia and Chmielów) as well as Ciechocinek in the Kuyavian-Pom er a nian re gion (Barbacka et al, 2014a). Two spe cies, P. elegans and P. muensteri were reported from DŸwiertnia, which is lo cated near Niek³añ.…”

“…Matoniaceae are rep re sented in Pol ish Lower and Mid dle Ju ras sic flo ras by the gen era Phlebopteris and Matonidium (Raciborski, 1891(Raciborski, , 1892(Raciborski, , 1894Makarewiczówna, 1928;Rey -ma nówna, 1963;Barbacka et al, 2010Barbacka et al, , 2014a. Ac cord ing to the lat est re view of Pol ish Lower Ju ras sic flo ras, which was under taken by Pacyna (2013), Phlebopteris angustiloba (Presl in Stern berg, 1838) Hirmer and Hörhammer 1936 is known from four lo cal i ties in the Holy Cross Mts.…”

Fossil flora of Middle Jurassic Grojec clays (southern Poland). Raciborski’s original material reinvestigated and supplemented. I. Sphenophytes

“…It was also described (referred to Schizoneura hoerensis) by Raciborski (1890) from Norian-Rhaetian strata of Czerwone Żlebki in the Tatra Mts (Reymanówna 1986). Numerous specimens of it have been described and illustrated from Lower Jurassic strata of the Holy Cross Mts (Raciborski 1892, Makarewiczówna 1928, Barbacka et al 2010, Pacyna 2013, 2014, Barbacka et al 2014a). fig.…”

“…Semaka & Georgescu 1967, Popa 2009, Norway (Bruun Christensen 1995), Poland (e.g. Raciborski 1894, Barbacka et al 2010, Jarzynka 2012, Pacyna 2013, 2014, Barbacka et al 2014a, Hungary ( Barbacka 2009Barbacka , 2011, Germany (e.g. Schenk 1867, Weber 1968, Switzerland (Van Konijnenburgvan Cittert & Meyer 1996), Sweden (e.g.…”