Triangulation and Mixed Methods Designs

Fielding, Nigel

doi:10.1177/1558689812437101

Cited by 263 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…We used data integration in the analysis of WC to illustrate and cross-validate the information related JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION to the occurrence of the WC (Fielding, 2012). The information collected from the government and media sources was combined to create a database of WC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and Water Conflicts Coevolution from Tropical Development and Hydro‐Climatic Perspectives: A Case Study of Costa Rica

Esquivel‐Hernández

Sánchez‐Murillo

Birkel

et al. 2017

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Costa Rica is a nation with a vast wealth of water resources; however, recently the country has faced water conflicts (WC) due to social, economic, legal, and political impediments in response to limited water availability during El Niño events and inefficient use of its water resources. This study presents a spatial distribution and temporal analysis of WC in Costa Rica from 2005 to 2015. In total, 719 WC were analyzed of which 54% were among private individuals and government. The largest urban areas and the Grande de Tárcoles Basin were identified as the main “hot spot” for the conflicts. WC were mainly caused by spills of wastewater, water pollution, water shortage, infrastructure damage, and flooding, and can be predicted using a multiple linear model including the population size and the number of hydro‐meteorological events (HME) (R2 = 0.77). The identified HME also coevolved significantly with the changes in precipitation regimes (r = 0.67, p = 0.021). Our results suggest that there is a need to recognize that water infrastructure longevity across the country concatenates and amplifies WC, mainly in the most populated area located in the Central Valley. Implications of our findings include the need for truly integrated water resources management plans that include, for example, WC as indicators of hydro‐climatic changing conditions and water supply and sanitation infrastructure status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and Water Conflicts Coevolution from Tropical Development and Hydro‐Climatic Perspectives: A Case Study of Costa Rica

Esquivel‐Hernández

Sánchez‐Murillo

Birkel

et al. 2017

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…At each phase, the researcher shared results with staff and used data to support service reform. By linking quantitative measures to qualitative findings through a data matrix grid (Fielding, 2012), directors were able to contextualized youth experiences to outcomes on the quantitative measures.…”

Section: Model 2 a Transformative Mixed Methods Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practicing Community Psychology Through Mixed Methods Participatory Research Designs

et al. 2017

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Community psychologists address social inequalities and problems by employing ecological principles, multiple methodologies and participatory approaches to empower individuals, organizations, and communities to organize action and systems change. This paper aims to contribute to mixed methods literature by presenting three models of mixed methods participatory research across a variety of geographic and sociocultural contexts.The models outline participatory processes and points of qualitative and quantitative data integration. Challenges related to the interplay between participatory approaches and mixed methods studies as well as implications on social science research are discussed.

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“…Also referred to as 'triangulation' , this process can help to corroborate findings. It can also generate a deeper and more complete understanding of the area of study [36].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress in NHS staff triggers defensive inward-focussing and an associated loss of connection with colleagues: this is reversed by Schwartz Rounds

George

2016

J of Compassionate Health Care

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Background: The aim of this case study was to examine the impact of Schwartz Rounds on staff wellbeing and patient care. Methods: A series of interviews were conducted with staff, regarding stress. The key themes, which were extracted using Grounded Theory, were used to inform the development of a new measure, 'The Organizational Response to Emotions Scale'. This was administered at the beginning and end of Schwartz Rounds.Results: Analysis of the results revealed a significant reduction in attendees' appraisal of emotional labour and an increase in reflection. This was associated with a reported upsurge in feelings of interconnectivity and compassion towards colleagues. More traditional forms of individualised staff support were in contrast, viewed as unhelpful. In particular, the offer of counselling sessions was resented by many staff because it carried the implicit message that the problem arose from a deficiency or weakness within them. New performance management policies compounded this problem and left many feeling blamed and punished for their stress. A referral to Occupational Health was widely seen as an index of failure; a sign that they could not cope.Discussion: Attendance at the Schwartz Rounds helped staff to recognise that their feelings were normal in the context of a highly-pressured healthcare system. Eradicating the stigma associated with emotional responses should help to improve organizational culture. It may also help to address an emerging phenomenon that was identified within this study, namely that staff had begun to hide their feelings from their managers. In the longer term, this could serve to mask the true extent of stress and burnout within the NHS. Conclusions: The findings suggest that Schwartz Rounds may indirectly improve the quality of patient care by addressing the stress-induced cognitive narrowing and decline in empathy that precedes withdrawal; the process that is a likely forerunner of dehumanization. An additional finding was that the line manager played an important mediating role of containment. This, in turn, appeared to influence the level of support that staff provided to each other.

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Triangulation and Mixed Methods Designs

Cited by 263 publications

References 33 publications

Climate and Water Conflicts Coevolution from Tropical Development and Hydro‐Climatic Perspectives: A Case Study of Costa Rica

Climate and Water Conflicts Coevolution from Tropical Development and Hydro‐Climatic Perspectives: A Case Study of Costa Rica

Practicing Community Psychology Through Mixed Methods Participatory Research Designs

Stress in NHS staff triggers defensive inward-focussing and an associated loss of connection with colleagues: this is reversed by Schwartz Rounds

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