Triangular nexus among entrepreneur, energy policy and economic policy uncertainties: A symmetric and asymmetric evidence of inclusive sustainable development goal (SDGs)

Abstract

This is inclusive study of Turkish sustainable development. Our study seeks to study Turkish sustainable development amidst policy uncertainty towards its energy policy and progressive economic performance. Dual analyses of symmetric (Dynamic Ordinary Least Square-DOLS) and asymmetric (Non-linear autoregressive distributed lag-NARDL) approaches with granger causality estimate were adopted for clear and in depth analysis of this study. We adopt Turkish data of 1985 to 2017 for the accommodation of both short term and long term analysis. From both approaches, entrepreneur activities and renewable energy policy are observed mitigating ecological footprint thereby impacting favourable to the environmental performance of Turkey, while the economic policy uncertainties has no mitigating force against the ecological footprint. The impact of economic growth on the environment comes in stages through inverted Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Also, findings from granger causality attest to the findings from both symmetric and asymmetric by establishing a two-way granger causality between entrepreneur and ecological footprint which shows that the entrepreneur has a great influence in impacting ecological footprint.Renewable energy is found mitigating environmental damage through a one-way granger causality from renewable to ecological footprint. Hence, policy is advised to be framed towards enhancing entrepreneurial activities and renewable energy sector with technological innovation in order to achieve Turkish climate goals