Triangular metal wedges for subwavelength plasmon-polariton guiding at telecom wavelengths

Boltasseva, Alexandra; Volkov, Valentyn S.; Nielsen, Rasmus; Moreno, Esteban; Rodrigo, Sergio G.; Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.

doi:10.1364/oe.16.005252

Cited by 172 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…24 A smaller angle will increase the localisation (Figure 1d). 28 The nanoslot is highly similar to the double strips, and thus, we will not describe it further.…”

Section: Spp Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits

2015

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The properties of propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) along one-dimensional metal structures have been investigated for more than 10 years and are now well understood. Because of the high confinement of electromagnetic energy, propagating SPPs have been considered to represent one of the best potential ways to construct next-generation circuits that use light to overcome the speed limit of electronics. Many basic plasmonic components have already been developed. In this review, researches on plasmonic waveguides are reviewed from the perspective of plasmonic circuits. Several circuit components are constructed to demonstrate the basic function of an optical digital circuit. In the end of this review, a prototype for an SPP-based nanochip is proposed, and the problems associated with building such plasmonic circuits are discussed. A plasmonic chip that can be practically applied is expected to become available in the near future. Keywords: nanophotonics; plasmonic chip; plasmonic circuit; surface plasmons; waveguide INTRODUCTIONThe technologies of semiconductor integrated circuits and modern electronic integrated devices are rapidly approaching their fundamental limits in terms of both speed and data transmission rate (DTR).1 One of the promising solutions to these problems is using light rather than electrons in the functional processing components.2 However, the feasibility of fabricating nanoscale photonic devices may be limited because the diffraction limit of light is dominant when the size of a photonic device is close to or smaller than the wavelength of light in the material. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), electromagnetic waves coupled to charge oscillation at the metal dielectric interface, can circumvent the diffraction limit and achieve localisation of electromagnetic energy in nanoscale regions that are considerably smaller than the wavelengths of light in the material. 3 The electromagnetic field perpendicular to the interface between metal and dielectric decays exponentially with distance from the metal surface while maintaining the long-range propagation of electromagnetic energy along the surface. This essential feature of SPPs can enable the fabrication of photonic components and optical signal processing devices at the sub-wavelength scale.Surface plasmons (SPs) include the localised type (localised surface plasmons, LSPs) and propagating type (propagating surface plasmon polaritons, PSPPs). For the purpose of optical signal transportation and nanophotonic circuits, only PSPPs will be considered in this review, and they are referred to as SPPs hereafter. Because of the unique properties of tightly confined SPPs on metal structures, various types of metallic nanostructures, such as nanoparticle chains, 4-7 thin metal films, 8 metal slits, 9 grooves, 10 chemically synthesised metal nanowires (NWs)

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“…24 A smaller angle will increase the localisation (Figure 1d). 28 The nanoslot is highly similar to the double strips, and thus, we will not describe it further.…”

Section: Spp Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits

2015

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“…Large mode areas reduce the ability to create compact devices. For example, subwavelength plasmon-polariton guiding by triangular metal wedges has been demonstrated [42] with propagation lengths ~ 120 μm and mode widths ~ 3 μm. Other proposed strategies to mitigate Ohmic losses in plasmon oscillation and propagation include the interaction of plasmons with gain media [43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Plasmonic Waveguide Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic circuits for manipulating optical information

2016

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Surface plasmons excited by light in metal structures provide a means for manipulating optical energy at the nanoscale. Plasmons are associated with the collective oscillations of conduction electrons in metals and play a role intermediate between photonics and electronics. As such, plasmonic devices have been created that mimic photonic waveguides as well as electrical circuits operating at optical frequencies. We review the plasmon technologies and circuits proposed, modeled, and demonstrated over the past decade that have potential applications in optical computing and optical information processing.

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“…Since then, extensive works have focused on low-loss signal routing in waveguide structures that confine the radiation to deeply subwavelength dimensions. Several pioneering investigations utilized metallic wedges or triangular channels as plasmonic waveguides, as shown in Figure 3(A)-(B), where the triangular features enabled field confinement and signal routing at subwavelength dimensions [44][45][46][47]. Although interesting from the scientific and developmental perspectives, such three-dimensional (3D) structures are generally avoided in electronic and photonic circuitry, and subsequent advances have focused on nanoplasmonic waveguides that are compatible with conventional planar fabrication processes.…”

Section: Passive Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated nanoplasmonic waveguides for magnetic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices

et al. 2016

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Abstract:As modern complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry rapidly approaches fundamental speed and bandwidth limitations, optical platforms have become promising candidates to circumvent these limits and facilitate massive increases in computational power. To compete with high density CMOS circuitry, optical technology within the plasmonic regime is desirable, because of the sub-diffraction limited confinement of electromagnetic energy, large optical bandwidth, and ultrafast processing capabilities. As such, nanoplasmonic waveguides act as nanoscale conduits for optical signals, thereby forming the backbone of such a platform. In recent years, significant research interest has developed to uncover the fundamental physics governing phenomena occurring within nanoplasmonic waveguides, and to implement unique optical devices. In doing so, a wide variety of material properties have been exploited. CMOS-compatible materials facilitate passive plasmonic routing devices for directing the confined radiation. Magnetic materials facilitate time-reversal symmetry breaking, aiding in the development of nonreciprocal isolators or modulators. Additionally, strong confinement and enhancement of electric fields within such waveguides require the use of materials with high nonlinear coefficients to achieve increased nonlinear optical phenomenon in a nanoscale footprint. Furthermore, this enhancement and confinement of the fields facilitate the study of strong-field effects within the solid-state environment of the waveguide. Here, we review current stateof-the-art physics and applications of nanoplasmonic waveguides pertaining to passive, magnetoplasmonic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices. Such components are essential elements in integrated optical circuitry, and each fulfill specific roles in truly developing a chip-scale plasmonic computing architecture.

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Triangular metal wedges for subwavelength plasmon-polariton guiding at telecom wavelengths

Cited by 172 publications

References 24 publications

Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits

Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits

Plasmonic circuits for manipulating optical information

Integrated nanoplasmonic waveguides for magnetic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices

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