Trials of Nation Making: Liberalism, Race, and Ethnicity in the Andes, 1810-1910

Papeles Seductivos: Friars, Intermediaries, and Organizers in the Huánuco Rebellion of 1812

“…125 Brooke Larson adds that in the nineteenth century, "liberalism and modernity," which the Peruvian state largely embraced, "seemed to unleash a new cycle of territorial and cultural conquest" in the Andes. 126 Throughout the century, Andean communities would have to resist the efforts of state and economic elites who sought to expropriate their lands, commodify their labor, stifle their…”

“…125 Brooke Larson adds that in the nineteenth century, "liberalism and modernity," which the Peruvian state largely embraced, "seemed to unleash a new cycle of territorial and cultural conquest" in the Andes. 126 Throughout the century, Andean communities would have to resist the efforts of state and economic elites who sought to expropriate their lands, commodify their labor, stifle their voices, and erode their culture. 127 The Huánuco Rebellion of 1812, and especially the friars' translated pasquinades, remind historians of a brief and often overlooked moment during the first liberal era when ideas of citizenship and common identity seemed at times to portend a slightly different future.…”

Flattening the Andes : growth points, spread effects and perverse institutions

“…In the nineteenth century there were still profitable opportunities for some highlands products -though the evolution of an unequal redistribution of assets left indigenous peoples benefiting relatively little. This was nowhere more vivid than in the wool boom of Peru's south at the close of the century (Larson, 2004). But from then on the economic importance of the highlands steadily declined, aggravated by food policies which favoured imported food for the coastal population.…”

“…A clear example of this is health and education policy in the early twentieth century. The governments of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century knew they had to «civilize the Indian», as part of making him (and her) a more productive source of labour (Contreras, 1996;Larson, 2004). The heart of the approach was education and hygiene.…”

¿Buscando Leviatanes? Las cambiantes perspectivas sobre el Estado liberal y el desarrollo en la historia peruana

“…El mejor analista reciente de largas tendencias, Paulo Drinot, ve un cambio discernible en el locus político en la producción histórica peruana, maltrecha por la crisis de las instituciones y de la academia ocurrida entre la década de 1980 y 1990 (Drinot, 2005;Jacobsen & Aljovín de Losada [eds. ], 2005;Larson (2004). Los resultados no necesariamente reflejan el giro «cultural» o «subalterno» promovido por varios especialistas norteamericanos, aunque más influencias culturales, sociales y étnicas se han filtrado al análisis histórico político.…”