Trial-by-trial mouse trajectory predicts variance in precision across working memory representations: A critical reanalysis of Hao et al. (2021)

Park, Hyung-Bum; Zhang, Weiwei

doi:10.3758/s13423-022-02128-7

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Traditionally, interference is considered as arising largely from lures and targets presented at study, yet we observed interference between the contents of working memory and information presented during the response phase of the task itself (Figure 5,6). These findings extend previous mouse-tracking work finding between-item interference for colors (Hao et al, 2021;Park & Zhang, 2022) to more complex shape-color object representations, as well as show that interference may arise from the similarity match between what is being held in memory with what is shown on the screen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Mouse-tracking as participants reconstructed shape-color objects over perceptually uniform space (Figure 1b) revealed two critical insights. First, mouse-tracking converts tasks which would measure only a single observation each trial (e.g., yes/no on a discrete task or the final error response on a continuous reconstruction task) into tasks measuring hundreds of observations each trial at millisecond temporal resolution (see Hao et al, 2021;Park & Zhang, 2022 for previous mouse-tracking approaches applied to working memory). Even when the number of trials in an experiment may be limited due to time constraints inherent with online OBJECT RECONSTRUCTION 32 testing, our mouse-tracking analyses was well powered because information from the entire trajectory could be incorporated into the analyses (Figure 5, 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of existing working memory studies quantify binding errors using only the final participant response during the test phase of an experiment (Figure 1a), without considering the entire trajectory of navigating to those responses (Figure 1b; but see Hao et al, 2021, andZhang, 2022 for recent examples of mouse-tracking in a working memory experiment). The standard approach may exclude important information, akin to analyzing only the final gaze position during eye-tracking without considering the eye movements that form the path leading up to the final gaze position (see Barense et al, 2012;Erez et al, 2013;Golomb, L'Heureux, & Kanwisher, 2014;Golomb, Chun, & Mazer, 2008;Golomb & Kanwisher, 2012;Hannula et al, 2010;Liu, Shen, Olsen, & Ryan, 2017;Yeung et al, 2017;2019;Wynn, Ryan, & Buchsbaum, 2020, for examples of eye-tracking experiments that consider the scan path across the entire trial).…”

Section: The Effect Of Memory Load On Object Reconstruction: Insights...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of memory load on object reconstruction: Insights from an online mouse-tracking task

Yuan

Pun

et al. 2023

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Why can't we remember everything that we experience? Previous work in the domain of object memory has suggested that our ability to resolve interference between relevant and irrelevant object features may limit how much we can remember at any given moment. Here, we developed an online mouse-tracking task to study how memory load influences object reconstruction, testing participants synchronously over virtual conference calls. We first tested up to 18 participants concurrently, replicating memory findings from a condition where participants were tested individually. Next, we examined how memory load influenced mouse trajectories as participants reconstructed target objects. We found interference between the contents of working memory and what was perceived during object reconstruction, an effect that interacted with visual similarity and memory load. Furthermore, we found interference from previously studied but currently irrelevant objects, providing evidence of object-to-location binding errors. At the greatest memory load, participants were nearly three times more likely to move their mouse cursor over previously studied non-target objects, an effect observed primarily during object reconstruction rather than in the period before the final response. As evidence of the dynamic interplay between working memory and perception, these results show that object reconstruction behavior may be altered by: (i) interference between what is represented in mind and what is currently being viewed, and (ii) interference from previously studied but currently irrelevant information. Finally, we discuss how mouse-tracking can provide a rich characterization of participant behavior at millisecond temporal resolution, enormously increasing power in cognitive psychology experiments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect Of Memory Load On Object Reconstruction: Insights...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of memory load on object reconstruction: Insights from an online mouse-tracking task

Yuan

Pun

et al. 2023

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…Specifically, participants reported whether the mammogram image is normal or abnormal, along with the level of confidence, by moving the mouse cursor from the fixed starting point (the center of the half circle scale) to a point on the confidence scale. The scale comprised of 90 points (1 to 90 from top to bottom) with the top (1) to the right-middle (45) of the half-circle scale representing continuous levels of confidence from sure, probably, to guess for "normal" responses, and the right-middle (46) to the bottom (90) of the scale representing the confidence levels from guess, probably, to sure for abnormal responses (labeled by text along the scale).…”

Section: Stimuli and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose noninformative and reasonably informative priors following previous studies with similar modeling approach. 46 Statistical inference was made based on the mean of the posterior parameter distribution and its 95% credible interval (highest density interval, HDI 95% ) of the population-level parameters. 47 The HDI 95% is conceptually similar to the frequentist 95% confidence interval, representing the smallest interval of parameter values covered by 95% of the posterior density and can be used as the Bayesian estimate of the certainty or the strength of evidence.…”

Section: Hierarchical Bayesian Dtsd Modeling Of Rocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of global and local processing on medical image perception

et al. 2023

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Purpose: The influential holistic processing hypothesis attributes expertise in medical image perception to cognitive processing of global gist information. However, it has remained unclear whether or how experts use rapid global impression of images for their subsequent diagnostic decisions based on the focal sign of cancer. We hypothesized that continuous-global and discrete-local processes jointly attribute to radiological experts' detection of mammogram, with different weights and temporal dynamics.Approach: We examined experienced versus inexperienced observers' performance at first (500 ms) versus second (2500 ms) mammogram image presentation in an abnormality detection task. We applied a dual-trace signal detection (DTSD) model of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) to assess the time-varying contributions of global and focal cancer signals on mammogram reading and medical expertise. Results:The hierarchical Bayesian DTSD modeling of empirical ROCs revealed that mammogram expertise (experienced versus inexperienced observers) manifests largely in a continuousglobal component for the detection of the gist of abnormality at the early phase of mammogram reading. For the second presentation of the same mammogram images, the experienced participants showed increased task performance that was largely driven by better processing of discrete-local information, whereas the global processing of abnormality remained saturated from the first exposure. Modeling of the mouse trajectory of the confidence rating responses further revealed the temporal dynamics of global and focal processing.Conclusions: These results suggest a joint contribution of continuous-global and discrete-local processes on medical expertise, and these processes could be analytically dissociated.

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A discrete component in visual working memory encoding.

Park,

Zhang

2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Working memory (WM) is a central cognitive bottleneck, which has primarily been attributed to its wellknown storage limit. However, relatively little is known about the processing limit during the initial memory encoding stage, which may also constrain various cognitive processes. The present study introduces a novel method using dynamic stimulus presentation and hierarchical Bayesian modeling to quantitatively estimate visual WM encoding speed. Participants performed a delayed-estimation task with two memory items continuously changing color hues in perceptually unnoticeable steps. Across three experiments, the recall errors systematically shifted toward the direction of color change, providing a proxy measure of encoding speed. Importantly, the observed shifts were best characterized by a temporal lag during the encoding of different items, supported by a mixture of two distributions with credibly distinct encoding times. A supplementary model-free analysis further confirmed the discrete encoding component in visual WM for multiple items. These findings shed light on the temporal dynamics of WM encoding processes. Public Significance StatementWorking memory (WM) can shape our coherent perception of the world by updating information over time. Despite this ability, the rate at which sensory experiences are encoded into memory is limited. The present study explored how two dynamically changing, but unnoticeable to the observers, colors are encoded into WM. We found that memories for these colors are lagging in time within the spectrum of color changes, providing a temporal metric for assessing the temporal dynamics of memory encoding. Notably, a temporal gap emerged between the two remembered colors, with one being reliably encoded earlier than the other. Our study highlights that multiple objects in the continuous physical world are not captured simultaneously in mind all together but with a temporally discrete gap in between.

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Trial-by-trial mouse trajectory predicts variance in precision across working memory representations: A critical reanalysis of Hao et al. (2021)

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

The effect of memory load on object reconstruction: Insights from an online mouse-tracking task

The effect of memory load on object reconstruction: Insights from an online mouse-tracking task

Contributions of global and local processing on medical image perception

A discrete component in visual working memory encoding.

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