Triage of war wounded: the experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross

Coupland, Robin M.; Parker, Paul; Gray, R. C.

doi:10.1016/0020-1383(92)90146-j

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…With or without respect for the Geneva conventions, there is rarely adequate medical care for wounded combatants; first aid and transportation are haphazard. Triage may happen only at the hospital 3. The hospital facilities for wounded combatants and civilians are usually overwhelmed or inaccessible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological approach to surgical management of the casualties of war

Coupland

1994

BMJ

148

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological approach to surgical management of the casualties of war

Coupland

1994

BMJ

148

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“…6 Severe injured patients have to be transferred to trauma center within one hour for proper treatment. 7,8 Level 2 or 3 trauma center is not suitable for trauma care of severe injured patient. Direct transportation to level 1 center showed high survival rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated transport time and distance from nuclear power plant to nearest university hospital in Korea

Kim

2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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INTRODUCTIONNuclear energy is in use worldwide because of low cost and global warming after first commercial nuclear power station in 1956.1 South Korea has 26 operating nuclear reactors for electricity production in 2016.2 Nuclear power plant is a massive structure itself to need lots of workers for construction and maintenance. There is always a danger of injury in operation, also threat of natural and artificial disaster-war, terrorism, earthquake, tsunami and accident.Nuclear accident requires immediate transfer to tertiary hospital for trauma and radiation care. We investigated that simulated transport time and distance from nuclear power plants to nearest university hospitals by motor vehicle in South Korea. METHODSThis study was conducted on scenario-based design. We simulated this study at the simulation laboratory in our hospital from July to October 2015. All nuclear power plants and university hospitals were included for this study. Nuclear power plants are located in four regions in South Korea. But all nuclear power plants are in immediate proximity to the sea, they are far from big cities where university hospitals are located. We estimated transport time and distance from each nuclear power plants to nearest university hospitals by online map service. 3 We supposed that roads were expected not ABSTRACT Background: Nuclear accident has a possibility of many injured people and requires urgent transfer to hospital. We investigated simulated transport time and distance from nuclear power plant to nearest university hospital by motor vehicle in Korea. Methods: This study was based on scenario design. Transport time and distance was measured on internet mapping service. We decided less than one hour is optimal on estimated arrival by motor vehicle. Results: Four nuclear power plants and twenty four nuclear reactors are operating in Korea. Each estimated arrival time to nearest university hospital is 37 min, 47 min, 1 hour 32 min and 2 hours 37 min, respectively (Gori, Wolsung, Yeonggwang and Uljin). Measured distance is 25, 27, 69 and 157 kilometers, respectively. Conclusions: Gori and Wolsung nuclear power plants require other hospital in close location or more rapid transport system.

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“…In the Red Cross classification, the priority seems to be given to abdominal wounds [8,9]. In the NATO classification stable patients with abdominal wounds seem to be treated after the major limbs wounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the ICRC hospitals it is generally agreed that triage is declared when seven (or more) patients arrive simultaneously [8]. For an FSU as soon as the number of casualties exceeds ten wounded, triage becomes very difficult to organise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triage of mass casualties in war conditions: realities and lessons learned

Rigal

Pons

2013

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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Purpose The authors made a retrospective analysis of three triage situations of war wounded in Chad and Rwanda in which mass casualties overwhelmed available medical facilities. Methods The triage classification is based on the waiting period for surgery. The categories are: extreme, first, second and third emergencies, expectant, walking wounded. Results In Chad, 23 wounded adults were received in 24 hours, and 19 were operated up on within 48 hours. In Rwanda 1, 94 wounded were received in two hours, of whom 68 were operated upon, 23 on the first day. In Rwanda 2, 59 wounded were received in 12 hours, treatment of extreme and first emergencies required 48 hours, while second and third emergencies were treated during the three following days. Conclusions These episodes were very different when considering the setting, the number of casualties, the type of wounds, the logistical and medical difficulties. The authors report the difficulties faced and the lessons learned.

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Triage of war wounded: the experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Epidemiological approach to surgical management of the casualties of war

Epidemiological approach to surgical management of the casualties of war

Simulated transport time and distance from nuclear power plant to nearest university hospital in Korea

Triage of mass casualties in war conditions: realities and lessons learned

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