Triadic communication as transactional participation

Woodward, Wayne D.

doi:10.1080/15295039609366969

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The meaning of an action does not reside solely in any one of the parts but is rooted in the resulting interaction. 14,15 In this vein, public relations excellence theory suggests organisations accommodate publics through their actions, not merely engage in advocacy. 16,17 Publics can observe an organisation's gestures or actions directly or learn about them through communications or claims made by the organisation about is activities.…”

Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐earthquake crisis communications in Taiwan: An examination of corporate advertising and strategy motives

Hallahan

2004

Journal of Communication Management

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Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐earthquake crisis communications in Taiwan: An examination of corporate advertising and strategy motives

Hallahan

2004

Journal of Communication Management

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“…The practical-critical position meets this challenge by viewing meaning making as a matter of transactions (Woodward 1996(Woodward , 2000a(Woodward , 2000b(Woodward , 2001 between dominant institutional coalitions and their publics. Transactions are (a) social/cultural, or symbolic, exchanges that depend on (b) material, environmental conditions required to support exchange, as well as (c) interpersonal, or mutual-personal, relations that are also basic to exchange patterns (see Bruner, 1986;Dewey & Bentley, 1949;Woodward, 1996Woodward, , 2001Woodward, , 2003. These three factors, or "triadic" (see Woodward, 1996) levels of transaction-(a) symbolic, (b) material/environmental, and (c) relational-are interdependent and mutually conditioning, so that each level must be understood in terms of its connections with the other two.…”

Section: Practical-critical Planning and Action In Participatory Publmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The practical-critical perspective accounts for how material circumstances, language resources, and the quality of relations among participants (Woodward, 1996(Woodward, , 2000a(Woodward, , 2000b can affect individuals' and social groups' ability to exercise active, situated participation. Attention is directed toward what is omitted from expressed perspectives, that is, what is taken for granted by instrumentalism and what may be left unconsidered in reconstruction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Public Relations Planning and Action as "Practical-Critical" Communication

Woodward

2003

Commun Theory

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A practical-critical approach to communication contends that critical analysis should have practical consequences, specifically to extend participation and to introduce innovative forms of communication. Planning and action process models in public relations illustrate the approach. The practical-critical position develops out of a reconstructive revision of existing, instrumental models. The emphases are (a) variabilities and contingencies in communication, (b) temporal sequencing of cooperative activity, (c) conditions of uncertainty that are part of pursuing a shared focus through joint activity, and (d) the interdependent relations among material, symbolic, and relational dimensions of process planning and action. The practical-critical framework provides for continuous, dialectical analysis of a central focus of activity, while deriving benefits from the sequencing of cooperative effort. Communication Theory Volume ThirteenCommunication Theory 412 lated contributions fall short of bridging divisions between critique and the theorizing of practical methodologies. Successful synthesis requires a practical-critical approach to public relations. This perspective supports progressive possibilities inherent to a social, economic, political, and cultural environment in which public relations activities play an increasingly central role in public life and discourse (Davis, 2002). Craig (1989) pointed toward the practical-critical concept when he described the purpose of communication as a practical discipline "to cultivate communicative praxis, or practical art, through critical study" (p. 98). He considered this approach to be an extension of empirical, hermeneutic, and critical traditions (p. 107). This article presents parallel models: instrumental, reconstructive, and practical-critical.The discussion proposes a revised framework for designing and carrying out four-stage planning and action sequences in public relations. The analytical focus is temporal sequencing (Couch, 1990, pp. 20-28) of communicative activities. Temporal sequencing, especially "interpersonal timing" of cooperative activity, "underlies all social activity" (p. 23). A practical-critical perspective is required to explicate this processual aspect of public relations planning and action.These observations support a focus on process planning and action models:1. Process models are underdeveloped in the public relations literature when compared with typological models (J. Grunig & Hunt, 1984, pp. 21-43). Typological models risk becoming static descriptions of structural features unless categorical descriptions are supplemented by emphasis on dynamic "micro interactive processes" (Turner, 1988, pp. 10-11) that contribute to the derivation of structures. Established typological models are now being revised to emphasize dimensions of process (J. Grunig, 2001), and further contributions are necessary.2. Existing process models tend to be mainly outlines of standard steps based on "professional axioms" (Van Leuven, 1989). These do not provide an ad...

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“…They have deep roots in areas as far reaching as geopolitical defense policy, i.e. the North Atlantic triangle [Haglund, 1999], models of mass communication [Woodward, 1996], and methods of teaching about science and nature [Schack, 1999]. Triangular modeling is used in chemistry to depict relations in atomic clusters, in geography to label regions, and in religion to describe the three persons of God (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit).…”

Section: The Emergence Of Triadic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Triangle Metaphors: Utility in Developmental Theory and Scientific Application

Ferrari¹

2007

Human Development

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Triadic communication as transactional participation

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Post‐earthquake crisis communications in Taiwan: An examination of corporate advertising and strategy motives

Post‐earthquake crisis communications in Taiwan: An examination of corporate advertising and strategy motives

Public Relations Planning and Action as "Practical-Critical" Communication

Examining Triangle Metaphors: Utility in Developmental Theory and Scientific Application

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