Protein energy malnutrition problem still exists in developing country. In fact, Indonesia has faced it as double burden of nutrition problems. This study aims to develop a standardized diet for developing protein energy malnutrition (PEM) on the rat to support nutrition research. Low-protein modified AIM-93M diet (LP) has been given to rats for 12 weeks intervention compared to normal protein diet (ND). Anthropometry, plasma lipid, fatty liver and the weight of adipose tissue have been analysed. The LP group showed a significantly lower body weight, body length and waist circumference (p < 0.05), a more fatty liver marker shown in LP compared to ND (p < 0.05). This study suggests that giving low protein modified AIN-M93 diet promotes protein energy malnutrition in the rat.Keywords: Protein nergy malnutrition (PEM), low protein diet, anthropometry, fatty liver Energy protein deficiency is a fundamental nutrition problem in developing country including Indonesia. Some studies in the clinical setting have been conducted to identify the problem of energy protein deficiency [1,2,3,4]. Nowadays, the functional food research for combating PEM is demanding. However, there are some limitations of clinical studies for proving the effect of functional food combating PEM. Several ethical and pragmatic constraints associated with using human subjects, while animal experiments are reproducible and robust. Therefore using the animal model as research sample for nutrition intervention is the main concern. For this purpose, the animal model needs a standardized diet to minimize variation during an experiment that resulted from the diet in an animal model [5]. Standardized diet for an animal model, especially rat, is AIN-93M [5] using for the maintenance of growth of rat as an animal model. However, others researcher also use other standard diets such as PARS for maintaining animal model growth.This project aims to develop low energy protein diet standard that is modified from AIN-93M. Thus this study will examine the effects of low protein diet on the anthropometry, fatty liver, plasma lipid, and adipose tissue. As an effect of PEM is lowering anthropometry size, developing fatty liver, changing in plasma lipid level and the loss the adipose tissue fat mass in body weight.
Animals and housing conditionThe Ethical committee for Conduction of Animal Studies at Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya (UB) approved the experimental protocol (No. 416/EC/KEPK/07/2014). The animals in these experimental protocols were individually housed in cages.
Animals and dietThirty-two male Wistar rats, weighing 177-259 g at ± 3 months. All rats were fed in the Brawijaya University laboratory non-purified diet (PARS) during the acclimatization period. Then, thirty-two rats were divided into two groups (n = 16). The first group was continuously given PARS (Wonokoyo, Indonesia) as normal diet (ND) and the second group was given low-protein modified AIN-93M modified (LP). The dietary intervention was carried out addlibitum for twelve we...