Trends, patterns, and differentials in Canadian mortality over nearly a century, 1921-2011

Bourbeau, Robert; Ouellette, Nadine

doi:10.25336/p6801v

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This study confirms an immigrant health advantage pertaining to mortality, 7-9 and corroborates the historical Canadian trend of a female mortality advantage. 26 Also, the advantage in all-cause and premature mortality among male immigrants over male long-term residents was slightly more pronounced than the advantage among female immigrants over female long-term residents; consistent with previous studies. 7 9 We found that the immigrant and female mortality advantage extended to causes of death amenable to public health and medical care.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Socioeconomic gradients in all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality among immigrants and long-term residents using linked death records in Ontario, Canada

Khan

Urquia

Kornas

et al. 2017

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundImmigrants have been shown to possess a health advantage, yet are also more likely to reside in arduous economic conditions. Little is known about if and how the socioeconomic gradient for all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality differs according to immigration status.MethodsUsing several linked population-based vital and demographic databases from Ontario, we examined a cohort of all deaths in the province between 2002 and 2012. We constructed count models, adjusted for relevant covariates, to attain age-adjusted mortality rates and rate ratios for all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality across income quintile in immigrants and long-term residents, stratified by sex.ResultsA downward gradient in age-adjusted all-cause mortality was observed with increasing income quintile, in immigrants (males: Q5: 13.32, Q1: 20.18; females: Q5: 9.88, Q1: 12.51) and long-term residents (males: Q5: 33.25, Q1: 57.67; females: Q5: 22.31, Q1: 36.76). Comparing the lowest and highest income quintiles, male and female immigrants had a 56% and 28% lower all-cause mortality rate, respectively. Similar trends were observed for premature and avoidable mortality. Although immigrants had consistently lower mortality rates compared with long-term residents, trends only differed statistically across immigration status for females (p<0.05).ConclusionsThis study illustrated the presence of income disparities as it pertains to all-cause, premature, and avoidable mortality, irrespective of immigration status. Additionally, the immigrant health advantage was observed and income disparities were less pronounced in immigrants compared with long-term residents. These findings support the need to examine the factors that drive inequalities in mortality within and across immigration status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Socioeconomic gradients in all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality among immigrants and long-term residents using linked death records in Ontario, Canada

Khan

Urquia

Kornas

et al. 2017

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…However, the cause of death in the Canadian Vital Statistics has been used widely in research recently. [31][32][33][34][35] Finally, this study is observational in nature and subject to inherent limitations of this study design, such as misclassification and unobserved confounders, which may affect results.…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total and Cause-Specific Mortality After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Observations From the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease Registry

et al. 2019

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Background: Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are increasingly older and have a higher comorbidity burden. This study evaluated trends in 30-day, 1-year, and 2-year total and causespecific mortality using a large, contemporary cohort of patients who underwent PCI in Alberta, Canada. Methods: We used the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) registry to identify patients aged ! 20 years who underwent PCI between 2005 and 2013. All patients were followed until death or being censored by August 2016. Cause of death was from the Vital Statistics database and classified as cardiac or noncardiac. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate predicted mortality at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years post-PCI. Results: Of the 35,602 patients who underwent PCI, 5284 (14.8%) had died. Mean (standard deviation) follow-up was 74.9 (35.1)

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“…Moreover, Canada's age-specific mortality rate for both sexes combined rose, from 7.0 per 1000 population in 1991 to 7.6 in 2019 (Statistics Canada, Table 13a [2]). Bourbeau and Quellette [3] gave an excellent historical summary of mortality trends and patterns in Canada from 1921 to 2011, demonstrating the country's remarkable achievement in mortality management and efforts to promote health. In addition, there is literature on the epidemiology of population change due to cause-of-death analysis (Bah and Rajulton [4]) and changes in life-expectancy (Bourbeau [5]; Lussier et al [6]) for an overview see Mandich and Margolis [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting Canadian Age-Specific Mortality Rates: Application of Functional Time Series Analysis

Rahman,

Jiang

2023

Mathematics

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In the insurance and pension industries, as well as in designing social security systems, forecasted mortality rates are of major interest. The current research provides statistical methods based on functional time series analysis to improve mortality rate prediction for the Canadian population. The proposed functional time series-based model was applied to the three-mortality series: total, male and female age-specific Canadian mortality rate over the year 1991 to 2019. Descriptive measures were used to estimate the overall temporal patterns and the functional principal component regression model (fPCA) was used to predict the next ten years mortality rate for each series. Functional autoregressive model (fAR (1)) was used to measure the impact of one year age differences on mortality series. For total series, the mortality rates for children have dropped over the whole data period, while the difference between young adults and those over 40 has only been falling since about 2003 and has leveled off in the last decade of the data. A moderate to strong impact of age differences on Canadian age-specific mortality series was observed over the years. Wider application of fPCA to provide more accurate estimates in public health, demography, and age-related policy studies should be considered.

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Trends, patterns, and differentials in Canadian mortality over nearly a century, 1921-2011

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

Socioeconomic gradients in all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality among immigrants and long-term residents using linked death records in Ontario, Canada

Socioeconomic gradients in all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality among immigrants and long-term residents using linked death records in Ontario, Canada

Total and Cause-Specific Mortality After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Observations From the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease Registry

Forecasting Canadian Age-Specific Mortality Rates: Application of Functional Time Series Analysis

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