Trends of wave height and period in the Central Arabian Sea from 1996 to 2012: A study based on satellite altimeter data

Hithin, N. K.; Kumar, V. Sanil; Shanas, P. R.

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.08.024

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…() showed that there is an increase of H s (0–0.5% of annual mean value per year) during 1979–1991 and during 1992–2012, there is a decrease (0–0.5%). In the central AS, a positive trend of 0.63 cm/year in the annual mean H s is observed during 1996–2012 based on satellite altimeter data (Hithin et al ., ). Sanil Kumar et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Climatology and trends of the Indian Ocean surface waves based on 39‐year long ERA5 reanalysis data

Naseef

Kumar

2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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In this study, the wind and the surface waves in the Indian Ocean (IO) during 1979–2017 are studied based on the ECMWF ERA5 Reanalysis data. Long‐term statistical analysis of extreme waves is carried out based on Generalized Extreme Value distribution using annual maxima and the spatial distribution of return levels for 50 and 100 years are studied. In general, the ERA5 significant wave height (Hs) and maximum wave height (Hmax) show a good agreement with measured buoy data in the coastal (bias ~0.29 m) and deep waters (bias ~0.18 m). During the tropical cyclone, underestimation of Hs and Hmax in the ERA5 data compared to buoy data is 2.7 and 1.4%, but in general the bias is large (~0.69 m). Swell domination is observed in larger regions of the IO, whereas wind‐seas are comparable to swells in the Southern Ocean. The meridional wind speed largely influences the spatial pattern of Hs in the North IO. The stronger winds over the Southern Ocean play a major role in generating higher waves at higher latitudes. Maximum value of the 100‐year return level for Hs in IO is 17.8 m, whereas highest value of the Hs is 16.7 m and Hmax is 32.0 m. Severe wave events are common at 50°–60°S and only during 25% of the time in a year, Hmax is less than 5 m in this region. Ratio of the Hmax to Hs varies from 1.46 to 2.3 with a mean value of 1.87. The 100‐year return value of Hs changed by −4 to 5 m, when the length of the dataset is decreased from 39 years (1979–2017) to recent 20 years. On an average, from 1979 to 2017, the annual average Hmax increased by 0.73 cm/year. In major areas of the IO, a clear decrease of the Hs is observed during 1991–2017, whereas during 1979–2017, an increase in Hs is found.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Climatology and trends of the Indian Ocean surface waves based on 39‐year long ERA5 reanalysis data

Naseef

Kumar

2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…It is thus not surprising that it has been only scarcely used to validate model results in the Baltic Sea (Cieślikiewicz et al, 2008;Tuomi et al, 2011). With certain precautions in place, it has shown good results for basins such as the Mediterranean Sea (Cavaleri and Sclavo, 2006;Galanis et al, 2012), a nearshore region of the Indian Ocean (Hareef Baba Shaeb et al, 2015;Patra and Bhaskaran, 2016), and for a range of regional seas such as the China Sea (Kong et al, 2016), the Arabian Sea (Hithin et al, 2015), the Chukchi Sea (Francis et al, 2011), or the German Bight (Passaro et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite altimetry reveals spatial patterns of variations in the Baltic Sea wave climate

Kudryavtseva

Soomere

2017

Earth Syst. Dynam.

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Abstract. The main properties of the climate of waves in the seasonally ice-covered Baltic Sea and its decadal changes since 1990 are estimated from satellite altimetry data. The data set of significant wave heights (SWHs) from all existing nine satellites, cleaned and cross-validated against in situ measurements, shows overall a very consistent picture. A comparison with visual observations shows a good correspondence with correlation coefficients of 0.6-0.8. The annual mean SWH reveals a tentative increase of 0.005 m yr −1 , but higher quantiles behave in a cyclic manner with a timescale of 10-15 years. Changes in the basin-wide average SWH have a strong meridional pattern: an increase in the central and western parts of the sea and a decrease in the east. This pattern is likely caused by a rotation of wind directions rather than by an increase in the wind speed.

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“…It is thus not surprising that it has been only scarcely used to validate model results in the Baltic Sea (Cieślikiewicz et al, 2008;Tuomi et al, 2011). With certain precaution, it has shown good results for basins such as the Mediterranean Sea (Cavaleri and Sclavo, 2006;Galanis et al, 2012), a nearshore region of the Indian Ocean (Hareef Baba Shaeb et al, 2015;Patra and Bhaskaran, 2016), and for a range of regional seas such as the China Sea (Kong et al, 2016), the Arabian Sea (Hithin et al, 2015), the Chukchi Sea (Francis et al, 2011) or the German Bight (Passaro et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Kudryavtseva¹

2017

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The main properties of the climate of waves in the seasonally ice-covered Baltic Sea and its decadal changes since 1990 are estimated from satellite altimetry data. The data set of significant wave heights (SWH) from all existing nine satellites, cleaned and cross-validated against in situ measurements, shows overall a very consistent picture. A comparison with visual observations shows a good correspondence with correlation coefficients of 0.6-0.8. The annual mean SWH reveals a tentative increase of 0.005 m yr -1 , but higher quantiles behave in a cyclic manner with a timescale of 10-15 yr.Changes in the basin-wide average SWH have a strong meridional pattern: an increase in the central and western parts of the sea and decrease in the east. This pattern is likely caused by a rotation of wind directions rather than by an increase in the wind speed.

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Trends of wave height and period in the Central Arabian Sea from 1996 to 2012: A study based on satellite altimeter data

Cited by 38 publications

References 52 publications

Climatology and trends of the Indian Ocean surface waves based on 39‐year long ERA5 reanalysis data

Climatology and trends of the Indian Ocean surface waves based on 39‐year long ERA5 reanalysis data

Satellite altimetry reveals spatial patterns of variations in the Baltic Sea wave climate

Response to Reviewer 1

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