Trends of the microcephaly and Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, January–July 2016

Magalhães‐Barbosa, Maria Clara de; Prata‐Barbosa, Arnaldo; Robaina, Jaqueline Rodrigues; Raymundo, Carlos Eduardo; Lima‐Setta, Fernanda; Cunha, Antônio José Lêdo Alves da

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.09.006

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It has recently spread from these regions to the Pacific and emerged in the Americas in 2015(2, 3). Infection with ZIKV in humans is often asymptomatic or mild, with clinical signs of a rash, fever, conjunctivitis and joint pain (4, 5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Immune Responses to Zika Virus Are Important for Controlling Virus Infection and Preventing Infection in Brain and Testes

Winkler

Myers

Woods

et al. 2017

The Journal of Immunology

105

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The recent association between Zika Virus (ZIKV) and neurological complications including Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in adults and CNS abnormalities in fetuses highlights the urgency to understand the immunological mechanisms controlling this emerging infection. Studies have indicated that ZIKV evades the human type I IFN response suggesting a role for the adaptive immune response in resolving infection. However, the inability of ZIKV to antagonize the mouse IFN response renders the virus highly susceptible to circulating IFN in murine models. Thus, as we show here, although wild type C57BL/6 mice mount both cell-mediated and humoral adaptive immune responses to ZIKV, these responses were not required to prevent disease. However, when the type I IFN response of mice was suppressed, then the adaptive immune responses became critical. For example, when type I IFN signaling was blocked by antibodies in Rag1−/− immunodeficient mice, the mice showed dramatic weight loss and ZIKV infection in the brain and testes. This phenotype was not observed in Rag1−/− mice or mice treated with anti-IFNAR alone. Furthermore, we found that the CD8+ T cell responses of pregnant mice to ZIKV infection were diminished compared to non-pregnant mice. It is possible that diminished cell-mediated immunity during pregnancy could increase virus spread to the fetus. These results demonstrate an important role for the adaptive immune response in control of ZIKV infection, and imply that vaccination may prevent ZIKV-related disease, particularly when the type I IFN response is suppressed as it is in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Immune Responses to Zika Virus Are Important for Controlling Virus Infection and Preventing Infection in Brain and Testes

Winkler

Myers

Woods

et al. 2017

The Journal of Immunology

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More recently, data from several epidemiological [5,6] and preclinical [7][8][9] research studies supported this idea, presenting direct evidences for the association between Zika virus infection and fetal disorders, including microcephaly. In a study led in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, fetal analysis by ultrasonography of 42 infected pregnant women showed that 12 presented fetal abnormalities (29%).…”

Section: Zika Virus Infection and Neuronal Disordersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Brief Insights into Zika-Microcephaly Mechanism

Gm¹,

Itg²,

Aa³

2017

Clin Exp Pharmacol

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After recent reports attesting a straight correlation between Zika infection and brain disorders in new-borns, research questions now focus on establishing causality and the mechanisms underlying it. Studies involving monolayer cultures, murine and human brain tissue slices and the cerebral organoid system have provided important information regarding neuronal damage, but the precise mechanisms underlying neuronal cell tropism and cell damage have not been elucidated. Herein, we discuss the possibility that Zika virus proteins enter the nucleus by a brief search for nuclear signal localization and for potential nucleosome binding motifs using a bioinformatics approach and point to other questions that should be the focus of research aiming to understand Zika-virus associated cell-damage.

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“…In yet another report, close examination of 1501 suspected cases of congenital Zika virus syndrome found that 83% of definite or probable cases could be identified by microcephaly (Franca et al 2016). More recently, data from the epidemiological reports of Health Surveillance (Brazilian Ministry of Health) indicates that of the 1656 confirmed cases of microcephaly or other neurological abnormalities, 15.4% were associated with ZIKV infection (Magalhaes-Barbosa et al 2016). This causal link between the increase of microcephaly along with other fetal impairments and ZIKV infection in pregnant women has been strengthened by virologic evidence.…”

Section: Zika-associated Microcephaly and Other Cortical Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive and therapeutic challenges in combating Zika virus infection: are we getting any closer?

et al. 2017

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The neuroteratogenic nature of Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection has converted what would have been a tropical disease into a global threat. Zika is transmitted vertically via infected placental cells especially in the first and second trimesters. In the developing central nervous system (CNS), ZIKV can infect and induce apoptosis of neural progenitor cells subsequently causing microcephaly as well as other neuronal complications in infants. Its ability to infect multiple cell types (placental, dermal, and neural) and increased environmental stability as compared to other flaviviruses (FVs) has broadened the transmission routes for ZIKV infection from vector-mediated to transmitted via body fluids. To further complicate the matters, it is genetically similar (about 40%) with the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), so much so that it can almost be called a fifth DENV serotype. This homology poses the risk of causing cross-reactive immune responses and subsequent antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection in case of secondary infections or for immunized individuals. All of these factors complicate the development of a single preventive vaccine candidate or a pharmacological intervention that will completely eliminate or cure ZIKV infection. We discuss all of these factors in detail in this review and conclude that a combinatorial approach including immunization and treatment might prove to be the winning strategy.

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Trends of the microcephaly and Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, January–July 2016

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

Adaptive Immune Responses to Zika Virus Are Important for Controlling Virus Infection and Preventing Infection in Brain and Testes

Adaptive Immune Responses to Zika Virus Are Important for Controlling Virus Infection and Preventing Infection in Brain and Testes

Brief Insights into Zika-Microcephaly Mechanism

Preventive and therapeutic challenges in combating Zika virus infection: are we getting any closer?

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