Trends of Ovarian Cancer Incidence by Histotype and Race/Ethnicity in the United States 1992–2019

Abstract

The effect of risk factors on ovarian cancer differs by histotype, and the prevalence of such risk factors varies by race/ethnicity. It is not clear how ovarian cancer incidence has changed over time by histotype and race/ethnicity. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER-12) 1992-2019 data to examine the trend of ovarian cancer incidence for three histotypes (high-grade serous N=19,691, endometrioid N=3,212, and clear cell N=3,275) and four racial/ethnic groups (Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White). Joinpoint and age-period-cohort analyses were conducted to analyze ovarian cancer incidence trends. High-grade serous cancer was the most common histotype, but its incidence has significantly decreased over time for all racial/ethnic groups; the decrease was largest for non-Hispanic White women (average annual percent change AAPC during 2010-2019= -6.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) -8.0 to -4.2). Conversely, clear cell cancer was most common in the Asian/Pacific Islanders, and its incidence has increased over time, particularly among Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander women (AAPC during 2010-2019=2.8, 95% CI 0.8 to 4.7, and AAPC=1.5, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.2, respectively). Endometrioid cancer incidence has decreased in non-Hispanic White but increased in Hispanic women (AAPC during 2010-2019= -1.3, 95% CI -1.9 to -0.8, and AAPC=3.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.3, respectively). The differential incidence trends by histotype and race/ethnicity underscore the need to monitor incidence and risk factor trends across different groups and develop targeted preventive interventions to reduce the burden of ovarian cancer and disparity by race/ethnicity.

Molecular subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian cancer across racial groups and gene expression platforms

“…Using these 8,360 “common genes’’, we compared clusters across: (1) datasets, and (2) clustering methodologies by calculating the Pearson correlation between two vectors of moderated t-scores. To use this approach on the RNA-Seq datasets, we log10(x+1) transformed the normalized counts to more closely match the data distribution of the microarray datasets.…”

“…Ovarian cancer is a highly fatal malignancy comprised of multiple histologically-defined subtypes (i.e., “histotypes”). High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common histotype (Phung et al, 2023), and an important contributor to ovarian cancer mortality (Fortner et al, 2023; Gaitskell et al, 2022; Peres et al, 2019). HGSC is also molecularly heterogeneous, which is relevant to both prognosis and treatment.…”

Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 3: Unravelling Its Biological Function and Significance in Oncology

“…EOC is a heterogeneous disease that manifests histologically, molecularly, and clinically. Serous carcinoma is the most common histology worldwide [ 145 , 146 ], whereas the proportion of clear-cell carcinomas (CCC) is relatively higher (15–20%) in Asian countries [ 145 , 147 , 148 ].…”

Association Between Germline BRCA1/2 Gene Variants and Clinicopathological Features of Ovarian Cancer

“…Various risk factors are described to be associated with ovarian cancer, including older age, genetics, family history, nulliparity, and so on. 6 Studies have shown that more than 20% of ovarian cancer have a genetic susceptibility, and about 70% of these genetic abnormalities are germline mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA gene. 7 Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 ( BRCA1 ) and breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 ( BRCA2 ) are two distinct tumor suppressor genes, which play an integral role in response to cellular stress via the activation of DNA repair processes.…”