Trends of Esophageal Cancer Incidence and Mortality and Its Influencing Factors in China

Abstract

To explore the esophageal cancer (EC) incidence and mortality trends and risk factors in China during [2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014][2015]. Materials and Methods: The data were stratified by area (urban, rural), gender (male, female), and age groups (0 ~, 5 ~, …, 85 ~). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR), age-specific incidence and mortality were calculated to describe the trends, which were analyzed by Joinpoint software, negative binomial regression model, and age-period-cohort model. Results: Trends in EC ASIR decreased markedly during 2010-2015 (APC=−6.14%, P<0.05), and the average annual percent change (AAPC) value was −8.07% (95% confidence interval (CI): −9.98~−6.12) for rural areas during 2005-2015. The ASMR was on a fastdownward trend after 2011 (APC=−6.67%, P<0.05), with AAPC values of −1.34% (95% CI: −2.56~−0.19) for males, −3.39% (95% CI: −5.65, −1.07) for females, and −9.67% (95% CI: −10.56~−8.77) for rural areas during 2005-2015. The age-specific incidence and mortality increased with age. The risk of EC for males was 3.1675 times higher than females (P<0.001), and for urban areas, it was 0.58 times larger than rural (P<0.001). The age and period effects presented an increasing trend, with a decreasing trend for the cohort effects in incidence and mortality risk. Later birth cohorts presented lower risks than previous birth cohorts. Conclusion: ASIR and ASMR in China are higher in males than females, and higher in rural than urban areas, which have decreased during 2005-2015, especially in rural areas. The incidence increased with age up to the peak age group of 75. Area, gender, and age were independent risk factors for EC incidence.

Trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in China 1990−2019: A joinpoint and age-period-cohort analysis

“…Li et al used APCM analysis to observe time trends of esophageal and gastric cancer mortality in China from 1991 to 2009 (8). Li et al explored the trends and risk factors of incidence and mortality in China during 2005-2015 (9).…”

“…Li et al. explored the trends and risk factors of incidence and mortality in China during 2005-2015 ( 9 ).…”

Wnt signaling pathway-related gene PRICKLE1 is a prognostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

“…In 2020, the global cancer incidence of esophageal cancer is reported to be 600,000, ranking eighth, and the number of global deaths from esophageal cancer is reported to be 540,000, ranking sixth, making esophageal cancer a major health hazard to human beings ( 3 ). The causes of esophageal cancer are still unclear, and it is believed that the occurrence of the disease is influenced by a combination of factors, such as genetics, lifestyle habits, dietary structure, alcoholism and smoking, and environmental characteristics, which are all related to the occurrence of esophageal cancer ( 4 , 5 ). The histological typing of esophageal cancer is mainly ESCC andesophageal adenocarcinoma, among which, the pathological type of esophageal cancer in China is mainly ESCC, which is more common than esophageal adenocarcinoma ( 6 ).…”

Chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel liposome plus cisplatin for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis

“…Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Squamous cell carcinoma is the main pathological type of esophageal cancer, accounting for 90% of all cases, particularly in China. 5 For patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who are unsuitable for surgery, concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the standard treatments, with a 5‐year survival rate of approximately 30%–40%.…”

“…Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide 1–4 . Squamous cell carcinoma is the main pathological type of esophageal cancer, accounting for 90% of all cases, particularly in China 5 .…”