Trends of Diagnostic Methods for Human Viral Diseases

Abstract

The global health field is significantly affected by viral infections, and sero-diagnosis is crucial in diagnostic virology. Various laboratory techniques such as nucleic acid detection, viral culture, and antigen detection are essential for diagnosing viral infections. Advances in science have led to the development of new immunologic and molecular techniques, enabling rapid and simplified diagnosis of different viruses. Timely and accurate identification of viral infections is vital for effective outbreak management. Immunological techniques, detecting viral antigens or antibodies, are widely used in diagnostic and epidemiological research, aiding in epidemic identification, appropriate diagnostic tests, vaccination programs, and detecting common and emerging viruses. However, traditional viral identification methods demand extensive technical expertise, time, and financial resources. Consequently, scientists worldwide are dedicated to developing precise diagnostic methods for viral diseases. Various innovative approaches are being explored, aiming to create more accessible, time-efficient, and cost-effective viral disease diagnosis methods, thereby benefiting low-income countries.