Trends of clinical parameters and incidences of diabetes mellitus complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hong Kong, 2010–2019: a retrospective cohort study

Temporal trends in chronic complications of diabetes by sex in community-based people with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study

“…These observations complement and extend the limited data published to date that have examined potential sex differences in temporal changes in major diabetes complications [ 12 , 13 ]. In a study from Hong Kong, the rate of decline between 2010 and 2019 in overall CVD, coronary heart disease, stroke and HF was similar in males and females [ 13 ], as observed in the present study over a longer period.…”

“…These observations complement and extend the limited data published to date that have examined potential sex differences in temporal changes in major diabetes complications [ 12 , 13 ]. In a study from Hong Kong, the rate of decline between 2010 and 2019 in overall CVD, coronary heart disease, stroke and HF was similar in males and females [ 13 ], as observed in the present study over a longer period. In a large administrative database study from Australia also conducted between 2010 and 2019 [ 12 ], the incidence of stroke and LEA increased over time and this was greater in males than females, and there was a greater relative decrease in the incidence of MI and HF in females than males.…”

“…There have also been discrepancies between studies in relation to sex-specific differences in mortality [ 28 ]. In the Hong Kong study [ 13 ], all-cause death increased in parallel in both sexes. By contrast, all-cause death was reduced from 2002 to 2014 by 29% in males and 17% in females with type 2 diabetes in Australia [ 29 ].…”

“…Whether the recent encouraging trends in CVD events and mortality in type 2 diabetes applies equally to both sexes is largely unknown. Short-term Australian hospitalisation data from 2010 to 2019 suggest that women have had relatively better outcomes over time than men for MI, stroke, LEA and heart failure (HF) [ 12 ], but the temporal trends in these endpoints (other than LEA which was not included) were similar in males and females in a study from Hong Kong conducted over the same time period [ 13 ]. Neither of these studies included a parallel matched group of people without diabetes to assess whether sex-specific changes reflected diabetes-specific trends or simply those in the population as a whole.…”

Behind the Hospital Ward: In-Hospital Mortality of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Indonesia (Analysis of National Health Insurance Claim Sample Data)

“…In the short or long term, this disease can adversely affect the function of almost every human organ [8]. Complications that may emerge include cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, diabetic retinopathy that threatens vision, diabetic neuropathy, and kidney complications [9]. A retrospective cohort study conducted in Hong Kong from 2010 to 2019 showed a trend of increasing kidney complications and mortality [9].…”