Trends of Antibiotic Resistance (AR) in Mesophilic and Psychrotrophic Bacterial Populations During Cold Storage of Raw Milk, Produced by Organic and Conventional Farming Systems

Munsch-Alatossava, Patricia; Ikonen, Vilma; Alatossava, Tapani; Gauchi, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.5772/29994

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The following statistical methods, previously applied [28], were also used for data analysis. (1) In a view of a simple description of data, usual statistical tools (USTs) for mean, standard deviation, median, and box-and-whiskers-plots were generally used to represent bacterial enumeration (expressed as CFU/mL or in decimal log-units).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Mesophilic and Psychrotrophic Bacterial Populations during Cold Storage of Raw Milk

et al. 2012

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Psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk are most well known for their spoilage potential and cause significant economic losses in the dairy industry. Despite their ability to produce several exoenzyme types at low temperatures, psychrotrophs that dominate the microflora at the time of spoilage are generally considered benign bacteria. It was recently reported that raw milk-spoiling Gram-negative-psychrotrophs frequently carried antibiotic resistance (AR) features. The present study evaluated AR to four antibiotics (ABs) (gentamicin, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) in mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial populations recovered from 18 raw milk samples, after four days storage at C or C. Robust analysis of variance and non parametric statistics (e.g., REGW and NPS) revealed that AR prevalence among psychrotrophs, for milk samples stored at C, often equalled the initial levels and equalled or increased during the cold storage at C, depending on the AB. The study performed at C with an intermediate sampling point at day 2 suggested that (1) different psychrotrophic communities with varying AR levels dominate over time and (2) that AR (determined from relative amounts) was most prevalent, transiently, after 2-day storage in psychrotrophic or mesophilic populations, most importantly at a stage where total counts were below or around CFU/mL, at levels at which the milk is acceptable for industrial dairy industrial processes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Mesophilic and Psychrotrophic Bacterial Populations during Cold Storage of Raw Milk

et al. 2012

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“…With some exceptions (such as B. cereus or Listeria strains), most of these bacteria are considered benign. However, recent observations have shown that raw milk bacteria, whether mesophiles or psychrotrophs from conventional or organic production systems, carry antibiotic resistance (AR) features at levels that raise the question of whether cold storage of milk is actually promoting AR amplification [7–9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Nitrogen Gas (N2) Flushing to Extend the Shelf Life of Cold Stored Pasteurised Milk

Munsch-Alatossava

Ghafar

Alatossava

2013

IJMS

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For different reasons, the amount of food loss for developing and developed countries is approximately equivalent. Altogether, these losses represent approximately 1/3 of the global food production. Significant amounts of pasteurised milk are lost due to bad smell and unpleasant taste. Currently, even under the best cold chain conditions, psychrotolerant spore-forming bacteria, some of which also harbour virulent factors, limit the shelf life of pasteurised milk. N2 gas-based flushing has recently been of interest for improving the quality of raw milk. Here, we evaluated the possibility of addressing bacterial growth in pasteurised milk during cold storage at 6 °C and 8 °C. Clearly, the treatments hindered bacterial growth, in a laboratory setting, when N2-treated milk were compared to the corresponding controls, which suggests that N2-flushing treatment constitutes a promising option to extend the shelf life of pasteurised milk.

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“…At bacterial population level, cold storage results in the replacement of Gram (+) by Gram (−) bacteria [11]. DGGE-based studies first highlighted that bacterial diversity in raw milk decreased during cold storage [32][33][34]. That cold storage-impacted bacterial diversity in raw milk was also evidenced by the determination of the amount of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in initial and cold-stored raw milk samples: for example, after 3-4 days at 6°C, only 33% of the initial OTUs were recovered in our studies and some bacterial types did not survive the low-temperature storage condition [24].…”

Section: Consequences Of Cold Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and Safety of Bovine Raw Milk: Present Challenges and Technological Solutions

Munsch-Alatossava¹,

Alatossava²

2019

Milk Production, Processing and Marketing

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The dairy, as an essential agricultural activity, plays a vital role in global food production systems. Irrespective of the regions or countries, milk producers are confronted with several and sometimes contradictory challenges: achieving food security, reaching economic profitability while responding to sustainable development goals. The quality and safety of raw milk are essential for the manufacture of dairy products. For the preservation of raw milk, two options are proposed by the FAO: cold storage or the activated lactoperoxidase system. Worldwide, mostly farmers attempt to "produce" raw milk for which the bacterial content does not exceed 100,000 (10 5) cfu/ml: due to the particularities of milk production and handling and numerous contamination risks, it is difficult to always reach this goal. Our group has evaluated an N 2 gas flushing-based technology, as a supplementary or alternative hurdle to prevent bacterial development, such as to preserve the quality and safety of raw milk during its storage and transportation from farms to processing sites. We discuss here its potential compared to other options.

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Trends of Antibiotic Resistance (AR) in Mesophilic and Psychrotrophic Bacterial Populations During Cold Storage of Raw Milk, Produced by Organic and Conventional Farming Systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Mesophilic and Psychrotrophic Bacterial Populations during Cold Storage of Raw Milk

Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Mesophilic and Psychrotrophic Bacterial Populations during Cold Storage of Raw Milk

Potential of Nitrogen Gas (N2) Flushing to Extend the Shelf Life of Cold Stored Pasteurised Milk

Quality and Safety of Bovine Raw Milk: Present Challenges and Technological Solutions

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