Trends of ambient fine particles and major chemical components in the Pearl River Delta region: Observation at a regional background site in fall and winter

Fu, Xiaogang; Wang, Xinming; Guo, Hai; Cheung, Kalam; Ding, Xiang; Zhao, Xiaofei; He, Quanfu; Gao, Bo; Zhang, Zhou; Liu, Tengyu; Zhang, Yanli

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.008

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In PRD, most urban site PM 2.5 studies were also accompanied with rural site studies (Andreae et al, 2008;Cao et al, 2004Cao et al, , 2012bCui et al, 2015;Duan et al, 2007;Fu et al, 2014;Ho et al, 2006a;Huang et al, 2007Huang et al, , 2014bJahn et al, 2013;Jung et al, 2009;Lai et al, 2007Lai et al, , 2016Liu et al, 2014a;Louie et al, 2005a;Tan et al, 2009Tan et al, , 2016cTao et al, 2009Tao et al, , 2014cTao et al, , 2017Yang et al, 2011b). Although the highest seasonal average PM 2.5 was also observed in winter, the season with the lowest concentration was not consistent between the sites, e.g., in summer in Guangzhou and in spring in Hong Kong.…”

Section: Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To obtain a thorough knowledge of PM 2.5 chemical composition and its impact on aerosol optical properties across China, existing field studies conducted after the year 2000 are reviewed and summarized in terms of geographical, interannual and seasonal distributions. Annual PM 2.5 was up to 6 times the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in some megacities in northern China. Annual PM 2.5 was higher in northern than southern cities, and higher in inland than coastal cities. In a few cities with data longer than a decade, PM 2.5 showed a slight decrease only in the second half of the past decade, while carbonaceous aerosols decreased, sulfate (SO 2− 4 ) and ammonium (NH + 4 ) remained at high levels, and nitrate (NO − 3 ) increased. The highest seasonal averages of PM 2.5 and its major chemical components were typically observed in the cold seasons. Annual average contributions of secondary inorganic aerosols to PM 2.5 ranged from 25 to 48 %, and those of carbonaceous aerosols ranged from 23 to 47 %, both with higher contributions in southern regions due to the frequent dust events in northern China. Source apportionment analysis identified secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion and traffic emission as the top three source factors contributing to PM 2.5 mass in most Chinese cities, and the sum of these three source factors explained 44 to 82 % of PM 2.5 mass on annual average across China. Biomass emission in most cities, industrial emission in industrial cities, dust emission in northern cities and ship emission in coastal cities are other major source factors, each of which contributed 7-27 % to PM 2.5 mass in applicable cities.The geographical pattern of scattering coefficient (b sp ) was similar to that of PM 2.5 , and that of aerosol absorption coefficient (b ap ) was determined by elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration and its coating. b sp in ambient condition of relative humidity (RH) = 80 % can be amplified by about 1.8 times that under dry conditions. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 60 % of aerosol extinction coefficient (b ext ) at RH greater than 70 %. The mass scattering efficiency (MSE) of PM 2.5 ranged from 3.0 to 5.0 m 2 g −1 for aerosols produced from anthropogenic emissions and from 0.7 to 1.0 m 2 g −1 for natural dust aerosols. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC ranged from 6.5 to 12.4 m 2 g −1 in urban environments, but the MAE of water-soluble organic carbon was only 0.05 to 0.11 m 2 g −1 . Historical emission control policies in China and their effectiveness were discussed based on available chemically resolved PM 2.5 data, which provides the much needed knowledge for guiding future studies and emissions policies.

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Section: Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

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“…Thus, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between secondary ions and precursor gases. Fu et al (2014) -concentration decrease in Tangshan. Compared with previous research, the mean simulated results were slightly higher than those reported in Wen et al (2015).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

An Integrated Air Quality Model and Optimization Model for Regional Economic and Environmental Development: A Case Study of Tangshan, China

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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An interval programming optimization model was formulated to develop effective and feasible regional economic structure adjustment plan using Tangshan Municipality in China as a case study. The optimization model was coupled with a WRF-CAMx-PSAT air quality simulation system through the estimated industrial emission sensitivity coefficients and equivalent coefficients for PM 2.5 concentrations. Seven categories of industries were examined, and the results indicated that industries with higher emission sensitivity coefficients should be given priority for control. The effectiveness of the obtained optimal schemes was further assessed by the air quality simulation system. It indicated that PM 2.5 concentrations in Tangshan would decrease by [33.5%, 39.3%] than those in 2013. This study provided an effective method framework for industries to maximize profits while meeting certain air quality constraints under uncertainty through the coupling of air quality simulation and optimization models.

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“…The method of reconstructing the mass of these species in PM 2.5 followed the IMPROVE algorithm, i.e., AS = 1. (Andreae et al, 2008;Fu et al, 2014Fu et al, , 2015. The reconstructed average mass concentrations of OM, AS, AN, LAC and SS during fall-winter of 2007-2013 were 35.0 ± 2.0, 22.3 ± 1.3, 11.8 ± 1.0, 3.4 ± 0.2 and 2.7 ± 0.3 μg/m 3 , respectively.…”

Section: Visibility and Pm 25 Mass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The detailed procedure for chemical analysis procedure was given in Fu et al (2014). In brief, after 24-hr equilibration at temperature 20-25°C and RH 35%-45%, PM 2.5 filters were weighed twice before and after field sampling to obtain filter-based mass concentrations of PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering this, many researchers attempted to obtain site-specific MSE instead (Jung et al, 2009;Cheng et al, 2014;Tao et al, 2014aTao et al, , 2014b. On the other hand, although sulfate (SO 4 2− ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), ammonium (NH 4 + ) and organic matter (OM) constituted approximately 80% of the mass concentration of PM 2.5 (Yang et al, 2011;Fu et al, 2014), they are found to vary in their influence on optical and hygroscopic properties (Stock et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2012a;Tan et al, 2013). (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (AS) and NH 4 NO 3 (AN) are recognized as major components governing the hygroscopic growth of aerosols and by contrast, the hygroscopicity of OM is negligible (Malm et al, 2003;Aggarwal et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends of ambient fine particles and major chemical components in the Pearl River Delta region: Observation at a regional background site in fall and winter

Cited by 46 publications

References 67 publications

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

An Integrated Air Quality Model and Optimization Model for Regional Economic and Environmental Development: A Case Study of Tangshan, China

Changes in visibility with PM2.5 composition and relative humidity at a background site in the Pearl River Delta region

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Trends of ambient fine particles and major chemical components in the Pearl River Delta region: Observation at a regional background site in fall and winter

Cited by 46 publications

References 67 publications

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

An Integrated Air Quality Model and Optimization Model for Regional Economic and Environmental Development: A Case Study of Tangshan, China

Changes in visibility with PM2.5 composition and relative humidity at a background site in the Pearl River Delta region

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A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China