Trends of adult height in India from 1998 to 2015: Evidence from the National Family and Health Survey

Choudhary, Krishna Kumar; Das, Sayan; Ghodajkar, Prachinkumar

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255676

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Our models were informed by various district-specific covariates, among which the literacy rate (LR) and the proportion of working population (WP) had significant negative influences respectively on a district’s food insecurity. Interestingly, while the share of LR in the EIGP is lower than the national average, other recent, independent studies on malnutrition in India also provide evidence in the same direction [ 50 ]. In small area literature [ 23 ], two standard types of validation are conducted: internal and external.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Food insecurity in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic plain: Taking a closer look

et al. 2023

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Objective Food security is an important policy issue in India. As India recently ranked 107th out of 121 countries in the 2022 Global Hunger Index, there is an urgent need to dissect, and gain insights into, such a major decline at the national level. However, the existing surveys, due to small sample sizes, cannot be used directly to produce reliable estimates at local administrative levels such as districts. Design The latest round of available data from the Household Consumer Expenditure Survey (HCES 2011–12) done by the National Sample Survey Office of India used stratified multi-stage random sampling with districts as strata, villages as first stage and households as second stage units. Setting Our Small Area Estimation approach estimated food insecurity prevalence, gap, and severity of each rural district of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (EIGP) region by modeling the HCES data, guided by local covariates from the 2011 Indian Population Census. Participants In HCES, 5915 (34429), 3310 (17534) and 3566 (15223) households (persons) were surveyed from the 71, 38 and 18 districts of the EIGP states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal respectively. Results We estimated the district-specific food insecurity indicators, and mapped their local disparities over the EIGP region. By comparing food insecurity with indicators of climate vulnerability, poverty and crop diversity, we shortlisted the vulnerable districts in EIGP. Conclusions Our district-level estimates and maps can be effective for informed policy-making to build local resiliency and address systemic vulnerabilities where they matter most in the post-pandemic era. Advances Our study computed, for the Indian states in the EIGP region, the first area-level small area estimates of food insecurity as well as poverty over the past decade, and generated a ranked list of districts upon combining these data with measures of crop diversity and climatic vulnerability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Food insecurity in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic plain: Taking a closer look

et al. 2023

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“…Studies on adult height in India also showed that the average height of those belonging to Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled Caste categories were shorter than those of higher castes. Over time, the average height of Indians for both males and females has improved, but the improvement was higher among males than females [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in women’s height and the effect of early childbearing on height retardation: An analysis of the height of Bangladeshi women born between 1974 and 1998

Haider,

Kamal,

Khan

et al. 2023

J Glob Health

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Background Depending on race, ethnicity, and region, genetic variants determine human height by 65% to 80%, while the remaining variance of 20% to 35% is influenced by nutrition and other individual or environmental exposures in the early years of life. An improvement in nutrition and health in the early years in a population underprivileged in health and nutrition will likely increase the group's average height. Due to outstanding improvements in these areas in recent decades, we hypothesised that the average height of Bangladeshi women has increased. Moreover, because pregnancy at an early age affects women’s health and nutrition, we hypothesised that women who began childbearing early would experience growth retardation compared to women who had pregnancies at a later age. Methods We used data from five national surveys conducted between 2004 and 2018 that collected height data from ever-married women aged 15-49 years. We analysed the height of women aged 20-29 years (born between 1974 and 1998) and examined the mean height by birth years, age at first birth (AFB), economic status, religion and region. We conducted multiple linear regression models, controlling for the differential effects of the socio-demographic characteristics on women’s height over time and by AFB. Results The average height of women born between 1974 and 1998 significantly increased by 0.03 cm annually, with fluctuations between 150.3 and 151.6 cm. We also found an association between age at childbearing and height in adulthood – women who began childbearing before age 17 were approximately one centimetre shorter in adulthood than those who began childbearing at a later age. Conclusions We found evidence of an increasing trend in women’s height in Bangladesh and an inhibiting effect of early teenage childbearing on attaining the potential growth of women. The findings call for further studies to investigate early childbearing and its consequences on women's and their children's growth in diverse settings, considering socio-cultural customs influencing early marriage and childbearing.

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“…Height differences are related to multiple factors such as the pituitary-growth hormone axis (growth hormone [34][35][36] , etc. ), genes 37,38 , society, and environment 39 , while liver stiffness is positively correlated with visceral fat and ALT, γ-GT and AST, and fat mass 40 . We hypothesize that this height disparity affects the liver in a variety of ways, which comprises size, nutritional status 41 , blood supply, and susceptibility to external factors that damage the liver, resulting in changes to the liver's texture (fatty changes, brous changes, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Height and risk of liver fibrosis progression: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study

Huo

Gao

2023

Preprint

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The relationship between liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and height has been an immensely controversial topic that is unclear. To accurately identify the causal relationship, Mendelian randomization research (MR) has been conducted. For the first time, we employed genome-wide significance (p < 5×10 − 8) levels of genetic variance for Standing height, and Sitting height (exposure) with liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis (outcome). A two-sample MR analysis of standing height, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis was performed. We discovered that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with standing and sitting height were both negatively causally related to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The ratio (OR) of 0.71 (p = 0.005**) was employed to determine the causal effect of elevated standing height level (per 1-SD) on the probability of liver fibrosis progression. A ratio (OR) of 0.70 (p = 0.012*) was calculated to represent the causative influence of elevated sitting height level (per 1-SD) on the probability of liver fibrosis progression. Our MR study hypothesized that the shorter the height, the higher the risk of liver fibrosis progression. These findings suggest early identification of short-stature populations and health education to prevent further development of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.

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Trends of adult height in India from 1998 to 2015: Evidence from the National Family and Health Survey

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Food insecurity in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic plain: Taking a closer look

Food insecurity in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic plain: Taking a closer look

Trends in women’s height and the effect of early childbearing on height retardation: An analysis of the height of Bangladeshi women born between 1974 and 1998

Height and risk of liver fibrosis progression: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study

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