Trends of Adherence to Dietary Patterns in Colombian Population, 2010-2015

Abstract

Objectives: In this study we sought to determine: (1) adherence to each one of the dietary patterns (DPs) identified in Colombia by the National Nutrition Surveys (ENSIN) in 2010 and 2015; (2) trends in adherence to these patterns between 2010 and 2015; and (3) differences in adherence between the 2 surveys according to some of the biological and socioeconomic variables. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with secondary analysis of data from the ENSIN-2010 and ENSIN-2015 surveys that enrolled 37,667 persons. Diet was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Based on a factor analysis, 3 dietary patterns were identified: traditional/starch pattern (TSP), fruit-vegetable/dairy pattern (FVDP), and snack pattern (SP). We used multiple linear regression to estimate adjusted differences in adherence to patterns between ENSIN-2010 and ENSIN-2015. Results: For both years, adults had the lowest adherence to the 3 DPs. Between 2010 and 2015, the TSP pattern decreased for children, the FVDP remained the same for all age groups, and SP decreased for all age groups. Conclusion: These findings can aid in designing, monitoring, and evaluating food education intervention strategies with a differential approach and an emphasis on the traditional Colombian dietary pattern, according to the life cycle stage.

Exploring Dietary Behavior Changes Due to the COVID-19 Confinement in Colombia: A National and Regional Survey Study

“…Thus, this study shows that a Westernized DP predominated during the confinement in Colombia. This pattern is common in more developed countries, but in Colombia a transition from the traditional food pattern to a more Westernized pattern is already underway according to the ENSIN surveys, although with regional differences (26,27). This nutritional transition goes along with demographic changes in the country, with both driving dietary behavior changes (23).…”

“…We have identified three main DPs before the confinement by considering the reported consumption and its change due to the confinement: the protein-rich, the carbohydrate-rich and the sugary DPs. In a cross-sectional study of 37,667 persons aged 5-64 years within the ENSIN survey from 2010, there were also three DPs identified: traditional/starch pattern, fruit-vegetable/dairy patterns, and snack pattern (26). In a subsequent study on these patterns on the ENSIN 2015 data (27), it was found that adherence to these three patterns was maintained.…”

Intake of Animal Protein and Dietary Sources in the Colombian Population: Results of the National Nutrition Survey (ENSIN-2015)

“…These results make it possible to continue to characterize the alimentary and nutritional situation of the Colombian population. According to the RDA, protein intake is excessive, especially for children aged from 1 to 4 years, a time at which excess weight begins to be seen in Colombian children [ 39 ]. In the ENSIN-2015, excess protein intake is associated with excess kilocalorie intake and excess weight [ 39 ].…”

“…According to the RDA, protein intake is excessive, especially for children aged from 1 to 4 years, a time at which excess weight begins to be seen in Colombian children [ 39 ]. In the ENSIN-2015, excess protein intake is associated with excess kilocalorie intake and excess weight [ 39 ]. Nevertheless, in terms of the AMDR, intake is not excessive.…”

“…Nevertheless, in terms of the AMDR, intake is not excessive. For all age groups, the relative contribution of protein to total energy falls within a conservative range of 13% to 14% [ 5 , 39 ]. In France, vegetable protein intake was found to be positively associated with the quality of the diet, and the quality was measured with PANDiet index [ 33 , 40 ], while animal protein intake was positively or inversely associated depending on the interaction with sex and the types of foods that provided the protein source [ 33 ].…”