Trends in Vessel Atmospheric Emissions in the Central Mediterranean over the Last 10 Years and during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Saliba, Martin; Azzopardi, Francelle; Muscat, Rebecca; Grima, Marvic; Smyth, Alexander; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Johansson, Lasse; Deidun, Alan; Gauci, Adam; Galdies, Charles; Caruana, Tonio; Ellul, Raymond

doi:10.3390/jmse9070762

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The research also shows that a slow downward trend in SOx and NOx emissions observed. Saliba et al (2021) analyzed the influence of the COVID-19 on maritime transportation modes and air quality. Weng et al (2020) estimated emissions of ships with Yangtze River estuary AIS data with high precision using the STEAM model.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of port pollutant emission characteristics in United States based on multiscale geographically weighted regression

2023

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The huge fuel consumption of shipping activities has a great impact on the ecological environment, port city environment, air quality, and residents’ health. This paper uses Automatic Identification System (AIS) data records and ship-related data in 2021 coastal waters of the United States to calculate pollutant emissions from ships in 30 ports of the United States in 2021. After calculating the pollutant emissions from ships at each port, the multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model is used to analyze the factors affecting the ship pollutant emissions. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) model is used to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of various factors affecting the characteristics of ship pollutant emissions at different scales. This paper mainly compares the effect of models of GWR and MGWR. MGWR may truly reveal the scale difference between different variables. While controlling the social and economic attributes, the coastline length, container throughput, and population are used to describe the spatial effects of ship pollutant emissions in the United States. The results denote that the distribution trend of ship pollutant emissions has a gap based on various ship types and ports. NOx accounts for the highest proportion of pollutant emissions from port ships, followed by SO₂ and CO. The impact coefficients of coastline length and population on pollutant emissions in port areas are mostly positive, indicating that the growth of coastline length and population will increase pollutant emissions in port areas, while the effect of container throughput is opposite. Relevant departments should put forward effective measures to curb NOx emission. Port managers should reasonably plan the number of ship transactions according to the coastline length of the port.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of port pollutant emission characteristics in United States based on multiscale geographically weighted regression

2023

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“…Finally, a comparative analysis of various emissions inventories over Europe for 2008, showed that shipping emissions of NOX and SO2 account respectively for 16% and 11% of the total emissions while highlighting significant differences in the emissions distribution over the Mediterranean [15]. A recent study of the emissions around the Malta-Sicily Channel during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic restrictions showed that shipping volumes remained the same, explaining the nearly constant air pollution levels measured at a monitoring station within the Malta Channel region [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions Over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions

Pseftogkas¹,

Koukouli²,

Skoulidou³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The aim of this paper is to apply a new lane separation methodology for the maritime sector emissions attributed to the different vessel types and marine traffic loads in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea defined via the European Marine and Observation Data network (EMODnet), developed in 2016. This methodology is implemented for the first time on the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service Global Shipping (CAMS-GLOB-SHIP v2.1) nitrogen dioxide (NOX) emissions inventory, on the Sentinel-5 Precursor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tropospheric vertical column densities and on the LOTOS-EUROS (LOng Term Ozone Simulation – EURopean Operational Smog) chemical transport model simulations. By applying this new, EMODnet-based lane separation method to the CAMS-GLOB-SHIP v2.1 emission inventory, we find that cargo and tanker vessels account for approximately 80% of the total emissions in the Mediterranean, followed by fishing, passenger, and other vessel emissions with contributions of 8%, 7% and 5%, respectively. Tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities sensed by TROPOMI for 2019 and simulated by the LOTOS-EUROS CTM have been successfully attributed to the major vessel activities in the Mediterranean; the mean annual NO2 load of the observations and the simulations reported for the entire maritime EMODnet-reported fleet of the Mediterranean is in satisfactory agreement, 1.26 ± 0.56x1015 molecules cm-2 and 0.98 ± 0.41x1015 molecules cm-2, respectively. The spatial correlation of the annual maritime NO2 loads of all vessel types between observation and simulation ranges between 0.93 and 0.98. On seasonal basis, both observations and simulations show a common variability. The winter-time comparisons are in excellent agreement for the highest emitting sector, cargo vessels, with the observations reporting a mean load of 0.98 ± 0.54 and the simulations of 0.81 ± 0.45x1015 molecules cm-2 and correlation of 0.88. Similarly, the passenger sector reports 0.45 ± 0.49 and 0.39 ± 0.45x1015 molecules cm-2 respectively, with correlation of 0.95. In summertime, the simulations report a higher decrease in modelled tropospheric columns than the observations, however still resulting in a high correlation between 0.85 and 0.94 for all sectors. These encouraging findings will permit us to proceed with creating a top-down inventory for NOx shipping emissions using S5P/TROPOMI satellite observations and a data assimilation technique based on the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model.

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“…While 70% of global shipping industry atmospheric emissions occur within 400 km of the coast, the impact of ship emissions extends to air quality degradation in coastal regions and harbor towns. The anticipated global ship emissions are forecasted to result in 60,000 premature deaths annually, with the most signi cant consequences concentrated near European, South Asian coastlines, and East Asian areas 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown: Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Air Pollutants in Egypt (Case Study: Alexandria Maritime Port - Egypt)

Omar,

El-Sayeh,

Kaamoush

2024

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on global society, affecting not only public health and the economy but also the environment. This research explores the environmental impact of COVID-19 in the context of Alexandria Port, a major maritime hub in Egypt. Using AIS data from the port area, we analyze the changes in shipping activities and pollution emissions over a five-year period (2018-2022). The study aimed to gather, analyze, and interpret satellite observational data from the European Space Agency geospatial processing Engine, focusing on air quality parameters like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and aerosol properties (Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI)). This analysis covered a five-year period (2018-2022) before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown in order to assess the impact of implemented preventive measures on air quality around Alexandria, particularly near the Alexandria Port due to maritime activities. The results indicated a positive short-term environmental impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on quality of air. However, with the resumption of full-capacity maritime activities at Alexandria Maritime Port, pollution levels returned to pre-resumption levels. Consequently, continuous trend monitoring is crucial to assess the effectiveness of regulations aimed at limiting air emissions.

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Trends in Vessel Atmospheric Emissions in the Central Mediterranean over the Last 10 Years and during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Analysis of port pollutant emission characteristics in United States based on multiscale geographically weighted regression

Analysis of port pollutant emission characteristics in United States based on multiscale geographically weighted regression

A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions Over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions

Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown: Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Air Pollutants in Egypt (Case Study: Alexandria Maritime Port - Egypt)

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