Trends in urinary arsenic among the U.S. population by drinking water source: Results from the National Health and Nutritional Examinations Survey 2003–2014

Welch, Barrett M.; Smit, Ellen; Hystad, Perry; Kile, Molly L.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.012

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As reported previously, ,− GW systems are more vulnerable to As contamination than SW systems because of geological conditions. Additionally, most violations occurred in very small water systems (<500 served).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Arsenic Drinking Water Violations Decreased across the United States Following Revision of the Maximum Contaminant Level

Foster

Pennino

Compton

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Arsenic poses a threat to public health due to widespread environmental prevalence and known carcinogenic effects. In 2001, the US EPA published the Final Arsenic Rule (FAR) for public drinking water, reducing the maximum contaminant level (MCL) from 50 to 10 μg/L. We investigated impacts of the FAR on drinking water violations temporally and geographically using the Safe Drinking Water Information System. Violations exceeding the MCL and the population served by violating systems were analyzed across the conterminous US from 2006 (onset of FAR enforcement) to 2017. The percentage of public water system violations declined from 1.3% in 2008 to 0.55% in 2017 (p < 0.001, slope = −0.070), and the population served decreased by over 1 million (p < 0.001, slope = −106 886). Geographical analysis demonstrated higher mean violations and populations served in certain counties rather than evenly distributed across states. The decline in violations is likely due to the adoption of documented and undocumented treatment methods and possibly from reduced environmental releases. Considering other studies that have shown decreased urinary arsenic levels in the population served by public water systems since the new standard, it may be inferred that the FAR is facilitating the reduction of arsenic exposure in the US.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Arsenic Drinking Water Violations Decreased across the United States Following Revision of the Maximum Contaminant Level

Foster

Pennino

Compton

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

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“…The current U.S. standard was reduced from 50 ppb to 10 ppb by the U.S. EPA’s 2001 Revised Arsenic Rule. In a recent study, Welch et al, (2017) report that arsenic levels in the general U.S. population have declined over a 12-year period in accordance with the Revised Arsenic Rule [ 52 ]. Although the current MCL fails to consider cardiovascular outcomes, diabetes, and preclinical indictors of CVD that may be associated with arsenic exposures below 10 ppb, the present study suggests that an MCL of 10 ppb arsenic is adequate to prevent arsenic exposure from contributing to metabolic syndrome in the general U.S. population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, not all waters are subject to EPA standards, potentially placing an unequal health burden on regions with naturally higher arsenic concentrations and greater reliance on unregulated water sources. Approximately 12% of the U.S. population is served by domestic wells that are not regulated by the EPA, and 11–19% of private wells are estimated to contain arsenic in excess of 10 ppb [ 52 , 53 ]. For example, rural areas of the U.S. with a higher proportion of un-piped water report much higher concentrations of groundwater arsenic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Methylation Capacity and Metabolic Syndrome in the 2013–2014 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Pace

Smith-Gagen

Angermann

2018

IJERPH

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Arsenic methylation capacity is associated with metabolic syndrome and its components among highly exposed populations. However, this association has not been investigated in low to moderately exposed populations. Therefore, we investigated arsenic methylation capacity in relation to the clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in a low arsenic exposure population. Additionally, we compared arsenic methylation patterns present in our sample to those of more highly exposed populations. Using logistic regression models adjusted for relevant biological and lifestyle covariates, we report no association between increased arsenic methylation and metabolic syndrome in a population in which arsenic is regulated at 10 ppb in drinking water. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of a positive association between arsenic methylation and metabolic syndrome in a subsample of women with normal body mass index (BMI). To our knowledge this is the first investigation of arsenic methylation capacity with respect to metabolic syndrome in a low exposure population. We also report that methylation patterns in our sample are similar to those found in highly exposed populations. Additionally, we report that gender and BMI significantly modify the effect of arsenic methylation on metabolic syndrome. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of arsenic policy enforcement on subclinical biomarkers of cardiovascular disease.

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“…This conclusion has now led to a lowering of As limits in drinking water in many countries. The United States has subsequently lowered the permissible limit from 50 μg/L to 10 μg/L (Welch et al 2018), while in Canada the limit has been lowered from 50 μg/L to 25 μg/L, with a proposal to lower it further to 5 μg/L (Saint-Jacques et al 2018). The fact remains that no such lowering of the As levels is yet to be proposed in India and Bangladesh, the two countries where the exposure through groundwater is the most widespread and acute.…”

Section: Permissible Limits Of As In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater arsenic contamination in the Bengal Delta Plain is an important public health issue

Sen

Bogin

Mondal

et al. 2021

HBPH

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There is a close association between human biology, epidemiology and public health. Exposure to toxic elements is one area of such associations and global concerns. The Bengal Delta Plain (BDP) is a region where contamination of ground water by arsenic has assumed epidemic proportions. Apart from dermatological manifestations, chronic exposure to arsenic causes a heavy toll through several carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic disorders. This article provides a global overview of groundwater arsenic contamination in the BDP region, especially the sources, speciation, and mobility of arsenic, and critically reviews the effects of arsenic on human health. The present review also provides a summary of comprehensive knowledge on various measures required for mitigation and social consequences of the problem of arsenic contaminated groundwater in the BDP region.

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Trends in urinary arsenic among the U.S. population by drinking water source: Results from the National Health and Nutritional Examinations Survey 2003–2014

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Arsenic Drinking Water Violations Decreased across the United States Following Revision of the Maximum Contaminant Level

Arsenic Drinking Water Violations Decreased across the United States Following Revision of the Maximum Contaminant Level

Arsenic Methylation Capacity and Metabolic Syndrome in the 2013–2014 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Groundwater arsenic contamination in the Bengal Delta Plain is an important public health issue

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