Trends in tobacco use on television.

Cruz, J. de la; Wallack, Lawrence

doi:10.2105/ajph.76.6.698

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Other investigations have documented the prevalence of televised tobacco depictions within popular television series, such as The Simpsons, 21,22 and across multiseries samples that are designed to represent popular television more broadly. [23][24][25][26][27] The most recent data on US youth are from an Office of National Drug Control Policy study 28 conducted in 1998. The study found tobacco depictions in 20% and tobacco-related dialogue in 23% of the sampled episodes, which were drawn from the 20 top-rated situation comedies or dramas popular among US youth aged 12 to 17 years.…”

Section: For Editorial Comment See Page 181mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depictions of Tobacco Use in 2007 Broadcast Television Programming Popular Among US Youth

Cullen¹,

Sokol²,

Slawek³

et al. 2011

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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To determine the quantity of tobacco use in network television programming popular among US youth and to examine variation in tobacco depictions by TV Parental Guidelines system rating and television network. Design: A content analysis was conducted of broadcast network television programming popular among youth. Nielsen viewership rating data were used to identify a sample of top-rated television series for youth aged 12 to 17 years during the fall 2007 television season. Depictions of tobacco use per television episode were examined by TV Parental Guidelines rating and television network. 2 testing was used to examine differences in proportions of tobacco depictions across television episode ratings and networks. Setting: Data collection and analysis were conducted at the American Legacy Foundation (now known as Legacy). Subjects: Broadcast television viewers in 2007. Main Outcome Measure: Tobacco use depictions on broadcast television were examined. Results: Forty percent of television episodes examined had at least 1 depiction of tobacco use. Of these depictions, 89% were of cigarettes. Among episodes rated TV-PG (ie, parental guidance suggested) (N=73), 50% showed 1 or more incidents of cigarette use, in contrast to 26% of TV-14 (ie, parents strongly cautioned) episodes. The percentage of episodes with any tobacco use depictions was highest on the FOX network (44%; n=32), followed closely by The CW (CBS-Warner Brothers) (41%; n=30). Conclusions: Substantial tobacco use was observed in television shows popular among youth. It is projected that almost 1 million youth were exposed to tobacco depictions through the programming examined. Tobacco use on television should be a cause for concern, particularly because of the high volume of television viewing among younger audiences.

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Section: For Editorial Comment See Page 181mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depictions of Tobacco Use in 2007 Broadcast Television Programming Popular Among US Youth

Cullen¹,

Sokol²,

Slawek³

et al. 2011

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although portrayal of tobacco in fictional television programs is less frequent, there is evidence that it was increasing during the early 1990s [118] after a period of decline during the 1980s [123,124]. Tobacco portrayal also occurs in music lyrics and music videos.…”

Section: Literature Review: Empirical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the media in influencing trajectories of youth smoking

et al. 2003

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This paper summarizes results of empirical studies on cigarette advertising and promotions, antismoking advertising, product placement in movies, on television and in music media and news coverage about smoking. In addition, we provide an overview of some of the theoretical literature relevant to the study of media uses and effects. Finally, we discuss empirical findings in the context of these theories to draw some conclusions about media influences on smoking and identify issues for further research. We conclude that (a) the media both shape and reflect social values about smoking; (b) the media provide new information about smoking directly to audiences; (c) the media act as a source of observational learning by providing models which teenagers may seek to emulate; (d) exposure to media messages about smoking also provides direct reinforcement for smoking or not smoking; (e) the media promote interpersonal discussion about smoking; (f) the media can influence "intervening" behaviors that may make teenage smoking less likely; and (g) antismoking media messages can also set the agenda for other change at the community, state or national level. We outline priorities for further research which emphasize the need for longitudinal studies, multi-level studies, an awareness of the probably dynamic relationship between tobacco advertising and antismoking advertising, the importance of determining appraisal of tobacco industry youth smoking prevention efforts and the dearth of research on news coverage about smoking.

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“…Previous quantitative research (8,9,11,(13)(14)(15)(16)22) has mainly focussed on the number of times a substance is used in the course of an hour on TV, and not on the actual number of characters using substances. These studies have given the impression that characters using addictive substances on TV are ubiquitous and far exceed actual rates of substance use in the U.S. population, whereas our results suggest that, at least for prime-time, the converse is true.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Alcohol, Illicit Drugs, and Tobacco among Characters on Prime–Time Television

et al. 2002

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Previous research of addictive substances suggests that use of alcohol, illicit drugs, and tobacco is overrepresented on prime-time television (TV). These studies, however, have relied on frequency counts of the substance, rather than the prevalence of use among characters. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of alcohol, illicit drug, and tobacco users among characters on prime-time TV during 1995 and 1996 with rates of use in the United States. In addition, we determined if the ratio of male to female, young to old, and white to minority addictive substance users on prime-time TV were similar to the equivalent U.S. ratios. Comparing results for prime-time TV characters versus the U.S. population (respectively), 11.0% (99% CI, 9.8-12.1) drank alcohol versus 51.0%; 0.8% (99% CI, 0.5-1.1) used illicit drugs versus 6.1%; and 2.5% (99% CI, 2.0-3.1) smoked tobacco versus 28.9%. In addition, no consistent pattern was evident in our analyses that assessed whether addictive substance users on prime-time TV were more frequently represented as men, young, or minority compared to the similar U.S. ratio. These results indicate that contrary to prevailing beliefs, alcohol, illicit drug, and tobacco users are uncommon on prime-time TV and are less prevalent than in the U.S. population.

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Trends in tobacco use on television.

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Depictions of Tobacco Use in 2007 Broadcast Television Programming Popular Among US Youth

Depictions of Tobacco Use in 2007 Broadcast Television Programming Popular Among US Youth

Role of the media in influencing trajectories of youth smoking

Use of Alcohol, Illicit Drugs, and Tobacco among Characters on Prime–Time Television

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