Trends in the use of illicit substances in Thailand: Results from national household surveys

Angkurawaranon, Chaisiri; Jiraporncharoen, Wichuda; Likhitsathian, Surinporn; Thaikla, Kanittha; Kanato, Manop; Perngparn, Usaneya; Assanangkornchai, Sawitri; Aramrattana, Apinun

doi:10.1111/dar.12689

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Past-year prevalence rates of tableted forms of methamphetamine (i.e., yaba) in Thailand dropped during the crackdown. According to national household surveys, self-reported use of yaba declined in adolescents (ages 12 to 24) and adults (ages 25 to 65) from 3.87 and 1.86 percent, respectively, in 2001 to 0.46 and 0.08 percent, respectively, in 2003 (Angkurawaranon et al, 2018). Prevalence rates remained well below the 2001 levels reported in household surveys reproduced by Angkurawaranon and colleagues (2018).…”

Section: Early 21st-century Thai Crackdown On Drugsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, the prevalence of new crystalline forms of methamphetamine (i.e., ice) was not reported in surveys, making it difficult to assess whether yaba users traded over to ice, as suggested by the U.S. State Department. Nonetheless, past-year use of cannabis among the general public also fell from 1.5 percent in 2001 to 0.18 percent in 2003 (Angkurawaranon et al, 2018).…”

Section: Early 21st-century Thai Crackdown On Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary Asian Drug Policy: Insights and Opportunities for Change

Pardo¹,

Kilmer²,

Huang³

2019

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Section: Early 21st-century Thai Crackdown On Drugsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Early 21st-century Thai Crackdown On Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Asian Drug Policy: Insights and Opportunities for Change

Pardo¹,

Kilmer²,

Huang³

2019

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“…Drug use was more among men; similar findings have been reported in other studies. [242829303132] Men are generally known to undertake risky lifestyle behaviour. The teenagers and young adults were at higher risk of ever using drugs than 25-35-year-old participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug use among Teenagers and Young Adults in Bhutan

Wangdi

Jamtsho

2019

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine

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Background:Use, possession, and illegal transactions of controlled substances have increased in recent years in Bhutan. This study aimed to determine the national prevalence of ever drug use and identify its associated factors amongst teenagers and young adults.Methods:This study was conducted using data from the National Health Survey 2012 of Bhutan. The outcome variable of interest was ever drug use in teenagers and young adults. The questionnaire was developed following the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of non-communicable diseases (STEP). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify correlates of ever drug use.Results:The prevalence of ever drug use among teenagers and young adults was 3.2% (n = 672). The factors associated with ever drug use were: being men; being single; being in age group of 18-24 years; having a primary school, high school, monastic, university, or diploma education; being technicians or salespersons; feeling always lonely; having ever consumed alcohol, and having ever smoked.Conclusion:Compared to the other countries in the WHO South-east Asia region, the prevalence of ever drug use in Bhutan is low. Use of other substances, including smoking and alcohol use, was associated with ever drug use. For greater effect, drug use prevention strategies should include prevention of smoking and alcohol use.

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“…A sample size of 300 is needed to detect a population proportion of 30% in a population size of 3000 with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error. This figure was based on the estimated population size derived from the formative assessment and the literature [20,24,48].…”

Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have identified injection drug use as the main risk factor of new infection [ 19 , 20 ]. The estimated number of PWID ranges from 40,300 to 160,500 individuals in Thailand [ 21 – 23 ] and from 3000 to 4000 individuals in Chiang Mai [ 24 ], with estimated HCV prevalence ranging from 44 to 86% [ 25 – 27 ]. This extremely high HCV prevalence among PWID concurs with global and regional estimates [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky injection practices and HCV awareness in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand: a respondent-driven sampling study of people who inject drugs

et al. 2020

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Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are the most exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV). In Thailand, drug use is highly criminalized, and harm reduction services are scarce. This study estimates risky injection practices and assesses the proportion of HCV awareness and screening in the PWID population in Northern Thailand. Methods We used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit PWID in Chiang Mai Province. Social and behavioural data were collected through face-to-face interviews at an addiction treatment facility. Weighted population estimates were calculated to limit biases related to the non-random sampling method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to study factors associated with HCV awareness and screening. Results One hundred seventy-one PWID were recruited between April 2016 and January 2017. Median age was 33 (Interquartile range: 26–40) years, 12.2% were women, and 49.4% belonged to a minority ethnic group. Among participants, 76.8% injected heroin, 20.7% methadone, and 20.7% methamphetamine. We estimate that 22.1% [95% CI: 15.7–28.6] of the population had shared needles in the last 6 months and that 32.0% [95% CI: 23.6–40.4] had shared injection material. Only 26.6% [95% CI: 17.6–35.6] had heard of HCV. Factors independently associated with knowledge of HCV included belonging to a harm reduction organization (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.5 [95% CI: 2.0–15.3]) and voluntary participation in a drug rehabilitation programme (aOR = 4.3 [95% CI: 1.3–13.9]), while Lahu ethnicity was negatively associated (aOR = 0.3 [95% CI: 0.1–0.9]). We estimate that 5% of the PWID population were screened for HCV; the only factor independently associated with being screened was membership of a harm reduction organization (aOR = 5.7 [95% CI: 1.6–19.9]). Conclusion Our study reveals that the PWID population is poorly informed and rarely screened for HCV, despite widespread risky injection practices. A public health approach aimed at reducing the incidence of HCV should target the PWID population and combine harm reduction measures with information and destigmatization campaigns. Civil society organizations working with PWID are a major asset for the success of such an approach, based on their current positive interventions promoting awareness of and screening for HCV.

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Trends in the use of illicit substances in Thailand: Results from national household surveys

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Contemporary Asian Drug Policy: Insights and Opportunities for Change

Contemporary Asian Drug Policy: Insights and Opportunities for Change

Drug use among Teenagers and Young Adults in Bhutan

Risky injection practices and HCV awareness in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand: a respondent-driven sampling study of people who inject drugs

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