Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh (2010-2020): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased in Bangladesh. This paper reviewed published studies on HTN and T2DM from 2010 to 2020 in Bangladesh and conducted a meta-analysis on these diseases. Methods: The PubMed database was used for systematic search. Hypertension (HTN) and T2DM were considered for measuring pooled prevalence by meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of HTN (n=30) and T2DM (n=21) relevant studies. The quality of the reviewed studies was determined by sampling strategy, sample size and outcome assessment. The protocol of the meta-analysis has been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020206315), and the study is not funded by any organizations. Results: The pooled HTN and T2DM prevalence were 21.6% (95% CI: 18.8%−24.4%) and 13.6% (95% CI: 10.8%−16.5%), respectively. Females were more hypertensive than males (M vs. F: 18.6% vs.24.8%), and T2DM was higher in females (M vs. F: 12.4% vs. 13.3%). Urban dwellers were more hypertensive and diabetic than rural people (urban vs. rural: 28.5% vs. 20.3% and 18.8% vs. 14.2%, respectively). A total of 8% increase in the total prevalence of HTN and T2DM became more than double compared to the 1995-2010 period. Conclusion: Future research should focus on the underlying factors that increase the prevalence of these diseases and prevention strategies to reduce the trend of increasing prevalence.