Trends in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Young Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2014

Abstract

Overall hypertension prevalence has not changed in the U.S. in recent decades, though awareness, treatment, and control improved. However, hypertension epidemiology and its temporal trends may differ in younger adults compared with older adults. Our study included 41,331 participants ≥ 18 years of age from eight National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES; 1999 to 2014) and estimated temporal trends of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control among young adults (age 18–39 years) compared with middle-age (40–59 years) and older adults (≥ 60 years). In 2013–2014, 7.3% of the U.S. young adults had hypertension. Over 1999–2014, young adults saw larger increases in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control than did older adults. However, all of these components of hypertension control were lower among young adults compared to middle-aged or older adults (74.7% younger vs. 81.9% middle vs. 88.4% older for awareness; 50.0% vs. 70.3% vs. 83.0% for treatment; and 40.2% vs. 56.7% vs. 54.4% for control). Worse hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in young adults overall were mostly driven by worse measures in young adult men compared with young adult women. More frequent healthcare visits by young adult women explained about 28% of the sex-related difference in awareness, 60% of the difference in treatment, and 52% of the sex difference in control. These findings suggest that improved access to and engagement in medical care might improve hypertension control in young adults, particularly young adult men, and reduce life-time cardiovascular risk.

Chronic Kidney Disease Awareness and Longitudinal Health Outcomes: Results from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study

“…Lack of symptoms contributes to low CKD awareness; similarly, awareness of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, another asymptomatic condition, is only about 5% [22]. In contrast, the majority of persons with hypertension and diabetes are aware of their disease, indicating that a high level of awareness can be achieved for asymptomatic conditions [23,24]. In November 2019, the American Society of Nephrology, National Kidney Foundation, and Department of Health and Human Services announced a national public awareness initiative for kidney disease which was launched in March 2020 [25].…”

Consumo De Bebida Alcoólica E Tabagismo Em Homens Hipertensos

“…O predomínio da raça/cor negra neste estudo é corroborado por outros estudos epidemioló-gicos que evidenciaram, além de maior prevalência da doença nesse grupo racial, correlação positiva com o seu desenvolvimento e pelo fato de a pesquisa ter sido realizada em Salvador (BA), local que concentra a maior parte de afrodescendentes da população brasileira (5) . Constatou-se que pessoas da cor preta e mulatos hipertensos tiveram maior risco de lesão de órgão alvo, com diferença racial maior para acidente vascular cerebral não fatal (16) .…”

“…Pesquisa nacional de saúde brasileira, identificou uma prevalência de HAS autorreferida de 21,4% (2) . O National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) constatou um aumento na prevalência de HAS em indivíduos com idade acima de 40 anos, do sexo masculino e da raça negra (5) .…”

NICE guideline: the diagnosis and management of hypertension

“…It is a leading cause of cardiovascular (CV) death worldwide and treatment is recognised as one of the most effective (and cost effective) ways to reduce CV disease. In developed countries, the prevalence of hypertension (when defined as BP ≥140/90mmHg) has remained unchanged over the past 20 years at around 30% of the population, 3 but in middle-and lower-income countries it is rapidly increasing. 4,5 Rates of stroke and coronary heart disease are inversely related to systolic BP, with CV mortality in different countries largely dependent on how well they detect and treat hypertension.…”