Trends in the Incidence of Breast Cancer Following the Radiological Accident in Goiânia: A 25-Year Analysis

Abstract

Background:The largest radiological accident to occur in any urban area happened in Goiânia, Brazil, in 1987. One major concern regarding deleterious effects in the population was a possible increase in the breast cancer incidence. This study analyzed trends in the incidence of breast cancer over the 25-year period following the radiological accident. Methods: This ecological, population-based study was conducted to determine the incidence of breast cancer in female residents of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between 1988 and 2012. The data were collected from the Goiânia population-based cancer registry. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated. The Joinpoint software program was used to calculate annual percent changes (APC) in the incidence of breast cancer. Results: Overall, 7,365 new cases of breast cancer were identified, with an annual crude incidence rate of 23.09/100,000 women in 1988 and of 71.65/100,000 women in 2012. The age-standardized incidence rate was 35.63/100,000 women in 1988 and 65.63/100,000 women in 2012. Analysis of the APC showed a significant annual increase of 4.8% in the incidence between 1988 and 2005 (p<0.0001) followed by stabilization in 2005-2012, with an APC of -3.5% (p=0.1). Conclusion: There was an increase in the incidence of breast cancer in the female residents of Goiânia, Goiás in the first 17 years of evaluation (1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) followed by a period of stabilization until 2012. However, the trends in the incidence suggest a lack of association with the radiological accident.

Evaluation of ionizing radiation as a risk factor for the incidence of breast cancer: long-term analysis after the cesium-137 accident in Goiânia, Brazil. An ecological study

“…17,18 Nevertheless, population-based studies with almost 30 years of follow-up have also suggested that was no association between the radiological accident and the incidence of cancer in the city. 19,20 One possible explanation for this is that the genetic changes induced in the exposed population were not pathogenic or did not translate into increased cancer risk. 21 In the overall analysis on breast cancer incidence in Goiânia, the peak incidence of the disease would have been expected in 1997, i.e.…”

“…However, a recent study showed that the increase in the incidence of breast cancer in Goiânia was gradual between 1988 and 2004, with a tendency to stabilize after 2005. 20 In this context, analysis on the incidence associated with the geospatial distribution pattern may identify points of higher concentration of the disease (clusters) and assist in constructing hypotheses about neoplasm behavioral change at that particular location. [22][23][24] For the city of Goiânia, the estimates for 2016 showed that there Considering the total number of new cases of breast cancer identified in this study within the period between 2001 and 2010, the crude incidence rates per 100,000 women were much higher in the study area (102.91 cases per 100,000) than outside the study area (46.86 cases per 100,000), and higher than the average in Goiânia (66.59 cases per 100,000 women).…”

“…However, a recent study showed that the increase in the incidence of breast cancer in Goiânia was gradual between 1988 and 2004, with a tendency to stabilize after 2005. 20 In this context, analysis on the incidence associated with the geospatial distribution pattern may identify points of higher concentration of the disease (clusters) and assist in constructing hypotheses about neoplasm behavioral change at that particular location. 22 , 23 , 24…”

“…2 In addition, no abnormal pattern in the breast cancer incidence curve was observed in Goiânia over the past 30 years, compared with other Brazilian state capitals. 2 , 20 …”

Removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated water by whey protein amyloids–carbon hybrid filters

“…Ingestion of 137 Cs leads to the accumulation of this radioactive isotope in so tissues from the thyroid, lungs, breast, and bone marrow, [11][12][13][14] resulting in a biological action similar to a continuous exposure to radiation from external sources. The ultimate effect of bioaccumulation of 137 Cs in humans, in dependency to the amount ingested, is the development of radiation-induced malignancies, [15][16][17] as well as mutagenesis in germinal cells. 18,19 Many methods are currently available for decontamination of radioactive wastewater from nuclear ssion products.…”