Trends in the Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Beijing Based on Hospitalization Data from 1995 to 2010

Abstract

Objectives: To study the incidence trend of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children in Beijing from 1995 to 2010, to compare it with incidences reported worldwide and to predict the requirement of medical resources in the future. Methods: This study involved newly diagnosed T1DM cases younger than 15 years of age in the Beijing Children's Hospital from January 1995 to December 2010. We calculated the incidence of T1DM children in Beijing according to hospitalization data and Beijing's population. We defined it as the underestimated incidence rate (UE-IR). Results: The UE-IRs of T1DM ranged from around 0.88/100,000 to 2.37/100,000 for children in Beijing younger than 15 years of age from 1995 to 2010. The UE-IR increased faster in boys (1.47 times) and in the age group of 0-4 years (1.89 times) after 2003. The UE-IR was greatest in children aged 5-9 years (1.81/100,000) followed by the age of puberty (10-14 years, 1.76/100,000). The predicted number of new T1DM cases in Beijing will increase 1.97 times over the next 10 years. Conclusions: The incidence trend of T1DM was increasing gradually in those younger than 15 years of age in Beijing. The incidence of younger children and boys grew faster. The 5- to 14-year-old children represented a high-risk population of T1DM. The number of predicted new T1DM cases will grow rapidly. This means that we should train more health care providers for pediatric diabetes patients, in order to achieve high-quality medical care and to be able to prevent or postpone chronic complications.

Increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes among Korean children and adolescents: analysis of data from a nationwide registry in Korea

“…According to data from the DIAMOND project, the annual increase in the incidence of T1DM in Asian children was estimated as 4.0% (95% CI 1.8-6.2%) (1). In China, an annual increase of 4.4% was reported from 1995 to 2010 in Beijing, and one of 7.4% from 1990 to 2000 in Harbin (15,21). This increase in T1DM incidence was mainly observed in children aged 5-14 yr in Beijing and those aged 10-14 yr in Harbin.…”

“…In Korea, we found a higher T1DM incidence in girls; however, the increase in incidence rates over time was higher in boys. In other Asian countries such as Taiwan, China, and Japan, a female predominance in the incidence of T1DM in children has been observed . Generally, boys were predominantly affected by T1DM after puberty .…”

“…In Japan, the incidence of T1DM among children <15 yr was 1.5/100 000 population (1.2/100 000 in boys and 1.8/100 000 in girls) from 1986 to 1990 . In Beijing, China, T1DM incidence rates of 1.24/100 000 and 1.81/100 000 population were reported during 1995–2002 and 2003–2010, respectively, showing a significant increase over time . According to a nationwide cohort study, the incidence of T1DM in children aged <15 yr increased from 3.56/100 000 to 5.88/100 000 in boys and 4.42/100 000 to 6.92/100 000 in girls from 1999–2000 to 2009–2010 in Taiwan .…”

ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents

“…For example, overall unadjusted estimated incidence rates of type 1 diabetes was reported to have increased in the United States by 1.4% annually (from 19.5 cases per 100 000 youth per year in 2002‐2003 to 21.7 cases per 100 000 youth per year in 2011‐2012) . The incidence of type 1 diabetes in youth less than 15 years of age has increased by 4.36% between 1995 and 2010, increasing at an accelerated rate after 2006 . There are estimates of greater increase in developing countries or those undergoing economic transition in recent decades .…”

“…However, a persistent male gender bias across countries is generally observed in older adolescents and young adults, 91,[94][95][96] An increase in incidence of type 1 diabetes has been observed globally in recent decades. 5 108 There are estimates of greater increase in developing countries or those undergoing economic transition in recent decades. 48,101 In some reports, there has been a disproportionately greater increase in those under the age of 5 years, 48,109 but not in others.…”